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Radiology 1 > Dental Radiography Ch2 > Flashcards

Dental Radiography Ch2 Flashcards

Chapter 2

1
Q

What is the fundamental unit of matter?

A

Atom

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2
Q

Which of the following has a positive electrical charge?
A) Neutron
B) Electron
C) Proton
D) Molecule

A

C) Proton

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3
Q

The process of converting an atom into an ion is called:

A

Ionization

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4
Q

What type of radiation is capable of ionizing matter?

A

X-rays

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5
Q

Which shell has the strongest binding energy in an atom?

A

K shell

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6
Q

The number of protons in an atom determines its:

A

Atomic number

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7
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic of x-radiation?

A

X-rays travel at the speed of light.

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8
Q

Which term refers to the force that maintains electrons in their orbits?

A

Electrostatic force

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9
Q

What type of radiation consists of particles with mass and high-speed travel?

A

Particulate radiation

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10
Q

Alpha particles are emitted from:

A

Radioactive isotopes

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11
Q

What is the function of the aluminum disks in the x-ray tubehead?

A

Filter out non-penetrating x-rays

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12
Q

What type of scatter accounts for most of the scatter radiation during dental x-rays?

A

Compton scatter

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13
Q

Which of the following describes the wavelength of x-rays?

A) X-rays have long wavelengths with high frequency
B) X-rays have short wavelengths with high frequency
C) X-rays have long wavelengths with low frequency
D) X-rays have short wavelengths with low frequency

A

B) X-rays have short wavelengths with high frequency

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14
Q

The movement of electrons through a conductor is referred to as:

A

Electrical current

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15
Q

The lead collimator in the tubehead is responsible for:

A

Controlling the size of the x-ray beam

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16
Q

What is the purpose of the step-up transformer in the x-ray machine?

A

Increase voltage to produce x-rays

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17
Q

Which of the following is true of characteristic radiation?

A

It only occurs at 70 kVp or higher

18
Q

X-rays that pass through the patient without interaction and reach the receptor are responsible for:

A

Image formation

19
Q

The aluminum filter in the x-ray tubehead functions to:

A

Filter out longer-wavelength x-rays

20
Q

What is thermionic emission?

A

The release of electrons from the heated filament

21
Q

Which x-ray interaction involves the complete absorption of the x-ray photon by matter?

A

Photoelectric effect

22
Q

The portion of the x-ray beam that interacts with the patient’s tissues and generates scattered radiation is known as:

A

Secondary radiation

23
Q

The unit of measurement for the number of electrons moving through a conductor is:

A

Amperage

24
Q

A negatively charged atom with more electrons than protons is called:

A

Anion

25
Q

What is the function of the exposure button on the control panel of an X-ray machine?

A

To activate the high-voltage circuit and produce X-rays

26
Q

Which component of the X-ray machine houses the X-ray tube?

A

Tubehead

27
Q

What is the primary function of the insulating oil in the tubehead?

A

To prevent overheating

28
Q

What is the purpose of the lead collimator in an X-ray tubehead?

A

To control the size and shape of the X-ray beam

29
Q

The position-indicating device (PID) is used to:

A

Aim the X-ray beam

30
Q

In the X-ray tube, which part serves as the positive electrode?

A

Anode

31
Q

What type of electrical current flows in only one direction in the X-ray machine?

A

Direct current (DC)

32
Q

How is amperage defined in an X-ray machine?

A

It is the number of electrons moving through a conductor.

33
Q

What is the effect of increasing the milliamperage (mA) setting?

A

It increases the number of electrons passing through the filament.

34
Q

What is the function of the step-up transformer in the X-ray machine?

A

To increase the voltage from 110-220 V to 65,000-100,000 V

35
Q

Thermionic emission occurs in which part of the X-ray tube?

A

Cathode

36
Q

Which type of radiation is produced when high-speed electrons are suddenly stopped at the tungsten target?

A

General (Braking) radiation

37
Q

Which type of radiation only occurs at 70 kVp or above?

A

Characteristic radiation

38
Q

In which interaction does an X-ray photon change direction without losing energy?
a) Compton scatter
b) Coherent scatter
c) Characteristic radiation
d) General (Braking) radiation

A

b) Coherent scatter

39
Q

Which circuit in the X-ray machine controls the heating of the filament?
a) High-voltage circuit
b) Low-voltage (filament) circuit
c) Rectification circuit
d) Step-up transformer

A

b) Low-voltage (filament) circuit

40
Q

The kilovoltage peak (kVp) setting controls:

A

The voltage required to move electrons from cathode to anode

Radiology 1 (5 decks)

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