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Chem > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Chemisty

A

Study of matter

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2
Q

Matter

A

Anything that has mass

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3
Q

Atoms

A

basic unit of chemical atom

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4
Q

atomic number

A

number of protons in the nucleus

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5
Q

mass number

A

total number of protons and neutrons in nucleus

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6
Q

Isotopes

A

two or more forms of the same element that contain equal number of protons but different number of neutrons

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7
Q

metals

A
  • shiny
  • opaque
  • malleable
  • ductile
  • conductive
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8
Q

nonmetals

A
  • not shiny
  • some are transparent
  • most are brittle
  • cannot be made into a wire
  • do not conduct heat or electricity
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9
Q

metalloids

A
  • has some properties of metal and some nonmetal
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10
Q

Name the 7 metalloids

A

Boron
Silicon
Germanium
Arsenic
Antimony
Tellurium
Astatine

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11
Q

Homogenous

A

mixture whose composition is uniform throughout (air, sugar, water, coffee)

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12
Q

Heterogenous

A

non-uniformed mixture where you can see individual items or particles (oil and water, sand in water)

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13
Q

Colloid

A

Mixture where small particles of one substance are evenly distributed throughout another substance (foggy: milk, mayo, smog)

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14
Q

Molecule

A

Group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

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15
Q

Octet rule

A

atoms are most stable (and prefer) a valence shell with 8 electrons

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16
Q

Noble gases generating light

A

when atoms excite to a higher shell and emit energy as light when returning to original state

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17
Q

Chemical properties

A

Characteristic of a particular substance that can be observed in a chemical reaction

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18
Q

Covalent bonds

A

chemical bonds formed when electrons are shared between two atoms (nonmetal)

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19
Q

Covalent compounds

A

two or more nonmetal atoms bonded by sharing valence electrons

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20
Q

Alkali metal group

A

group 1

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21
Q

Alkaline earth metal group

A

group 2

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22
Q

Halogens group

A

group 17

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23
Q

Covalent bonds form when

A

two atoms come close enough so their outer electron shells overlap

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24
Q

Ions

A

Electrically charged atom or group of atoms

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25
Q

Cations

A

positively charged ions
- obtained through the loss of electrons
- metals, when in compounds, occur as cations

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26
Q

Anions

A

negatively charged ions
- obtained through the gain of electrons
- nonmetals, when in ionic compounds, occur as anions

27
Q

Ionic compound

A

compounds formed through ionic bonds

28
Q

Ionic bonds

A

attractive interaction between a pair of adjacent oppositely charged ions

29
Q

Ionic bonds form between

A

metals and nonmetals

30
Q

Do noble gases have a charge?

A

No

31
Q

Negative charges are to the left or the right of noble gases?

A

Left

32
Q

Polyatomic Ions

A

2 or more covalently bonded atoms which have a charge

33
Q

Solid shape and volume

A

Definite shape and volume

34
Q

Liquid volume and shape

A

definite volume, no definite shape

35
Q

Gas

A

neither a definite shape nor volume

36
Q

Condensed State

A

Solids and liquids

37
Q

Gas state molecular level

A
  • very great distance between molecules
  • particles, at this temp, overcome the forces which held them together.
38
Q

The ______ the attractive force between molecules, the ______ the boiling point of the liquid

A

greater, greater

39
Q

When the temp of a liquid is raised, the substance becomes a what?

A

Gas

40
Q

Most of the volume of gas is

A

empty

41
Q

Pressure

A

-the amount of force that a gas exerts on a specified area of surface
-force comes form the collision of the molecules with the walls of the container

42
Q

Liquid state

A

Condensed state
Molecules can move past each other but are close together

43
Q

Solid state

A

Condensed state
Molecules are in fixed points and vibrate in place but do not move past other molecules

44
Q

Physical Change

A

A process in which the composition of a pure substance is not altered.

45
Q

Example of physical change

A

changes in between solid, liquid, or gas

46
Q

Dissolving

A

a physical change; production of a solution (homogenous mixture)

47
Q

Evaporation

A

The escape of molecules from the surface of the liquid

48
Q

How does evaporation happen?

A

Surface molecules have sufficient velocity to overcome the weak attractive forces

49
Q

Evaporation and condensation

A
  • in a closed container, liquid cannot evaporate to dryness
  • evaporation occurs and then gaseous molecules can condense back to liquid
50
Q

equilibrium between evaporation and condensation

A
  • equilibrium is established when the pressure inside the container reaches a constant
  • this pressure is called vapor pressure
51
Q

vapor pressure ____ as temperature ____ until the boiling point is reached.

A

Increases, increases

52
Q

At boiling, bubbles are

A

stable and rising

53
Q

Boiling point

A

the temp at which a liquids vapor pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure

54
Q

Chemical change

A

A process in which the identity of pure substances is altered as a result of the rearrangement of atoms

55
Q

Indications a chemical reaction occurred

A

Forms a precipitate
Gives off or absorbs heat
Changes color
Bubbles (formation of gas)
Light

56
Q

Chemical reaction

A

process of a chemical change

57
Q

No atoms are ____ or ____ in a chemical reaction.

A

Created, destroyed

58
Q

Combustion

A

rapid reaction of oxygen with a fuel

59
Q

Incomplete combustion

A

what causes carbon monoxide poisoning

60
Q

Incomplete combustion reaction

A

there are 9 Oxygens that turn into 8 carbon monoxides instead of carbon dioxide

61
Q

Carbon monoxide is called a

A

by-product of the desired combustion

62
Q

Another by-product is

A

Soot, which is just elemental carbon

63
Q

Combustion vs. oxidation in the body

A

Oxidation of the food is similar but occurs without flame and without high temperatures

64
Q

Rusting

A

Oxidation of iron

Chem (7 decks)

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