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exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Chemisty

A

Study of matter

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2
Q

Matter

A

Anything that has mass

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3
Q

Atoms

A

basic unit of chemical atom

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4
Q

atomic number

A

number of protons in the nucleus

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5
Q

mass number

A

total number of protons and neutrons in nucleus

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6
Q

Isotopes

A

two or more forms of the same element that contain equal number of protons but different number of neutrons

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7
Q

metals

A
  • shiny
  • opaque
  • malleable
  • ductile
  • conductive
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8
Q

nonmetals

A
  • not shiny
  • some are transparent
  • most are brittle
  • cannot be made into a wire
  • do not conduct heat or electricity
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9
Q

metalloids

A
  • has some properties of metal and some nonmetal
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10
Q

Name the 7 metalloids

A

Boron
Silicon
Germanium
Arsenic
Antimony
Tellurium
Astatine

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11
Q

Homogenous

A

mixture whose composition is uniform throughout (air, sugar, water, coffee)

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12
Q

Heterogenous

A

non-uniformed mixture where you can see individual items or particles (oil and water, sand in water)

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13
Q

Colloid

A

Mixture where small particles of one substance are evenly distributed throughout another substance (foggy: milk, mayo, smog)

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14
Q

Molecule

A

Group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

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15
Q

Octet rule

A

atoms are most stable (and prefer) a valence shell with 8 electrons

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16
Q

Noble gases generating light

A

when atoms excite to a higher shell and emit energy as light when returning to original state

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17
Q

Chemical properties

A

Characteristic of a particular substance that can be observed in a chemical reaction

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18
Q

Covalent bonds

A

chemical bonds formed when electrons are shared between two atoms (nonmetal)

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19
Q

Covalent compounds

A

two or more nonmetal atoms bonded by sharing valence electrons

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20
Q

Alkali metal group

A

group 1

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21
Q

Alkaline earth metal group

A

group 2

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22
Q

Halogens group

A

group 17

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23
Q

Covalent bonds form when

A

two atoms come close enough so their outer electron shells overlap

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24
Q

Ions

A

Electrically charged atom or group of atoms

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25
Cations
positively charged ions - obtained through the loss of electrons - metals, when in compounds, occur as cations
26
Anions
negatively charged ions - obtained through the gain of electrons - nonmetals, when in ionic compounds, occur as anions
27
Ionic compound
compounds formed through ionic bonds
28
Ionic bonds
attractive interaction between a pair of adjacent oppositely charged ions
29
Ionic bonds form between
metals and nonmetals
30
Do noble gases have a charge?
No
31
Negative charges are to the left or the right of noble gases?
Left
32
Polyatomic Ions
2 or more covalently bonded atoms which have a charge
33
Solid shape and volume
Definite shape and volume
34
Liquid volume and shape
definite volume, no definite shape
35
Gas
neither a definite shape nor volume
36
Condensed State
Solids and liquids
37
Gas state molecular level
- very great distance between molecules - particles, at this temp, overcome the forces which held them together.
38
The ______ the attractive force between molecules, the ______ the boiling point of the liquid
greater, greater
39
When the temp of a liquid is raised, the substance becomes a what?
Gas
40
Most of the volume of gas is
empty
41
Pressure
-the amount of force that a gas exerts on a specified area of surface -force comes form the collision of the molecules with the walls of the container
42
Liquid state
Condensed state Molecules can move past each other but are close together
43
Solid state
Condensed state Molecules are in fixed points and vibrate in place but do not move past other molecules
44
Physical Change
A process in which the composition of a pure substance is not altered.
45
Example of physical change
changes in between solid, liquid, or gas
46
Dissolving
a physical change; production of a solution (homogenous mixture)
47
Evaporation
The escape of molecules from the surface of the liquid
48
How does evaporation happen?
Surface molecules have sufficient velocity to overcome the weak attractive forces
49
Evaporation and condensation
- in a closed container, liquid cannot evaporate to dryness - evaporation occurs and then gaseous molecules can condense back to liquid
50
equilibrium between evaporation and condensation
- equilibrium is established when the pressure inside the container reaches a constant - this pressure is called vapor pressure
51
vapor pressure ____ as temperature ____ until the boiling point is reached.
Increases, increases
52
At boiling, bubbles are
stable and rising
53
Boiling point
the temp at which a liquids vapor pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure
54
Chemical change
A process in which the identity of pure substances is altered as a result of the rearrangement of atoms
55
Indications a chemical reaction occurred
Forms a precipitate Gives off or absorbs heat Changes color Bubbles (formation of gas) Light
56
Chemical reaction
process of a chemical change
57
No atoms are ____ or ____ in a chemical reaction.
Created, destroyed
58
Combustion
rapid reaction of oxygen with a fuel
59
Incomplete combustion
what causes carbon monoxide poisoning
60
Incomplete combustion reaction
there are 9 Oxygens that turn into 8 carbon monoxides instead of carbon dioxide
61
Carbon monoxide is called a
by-product of the desired combustion
62
Another by-product is
Soot, which is just elemental carbon
63
Combustion vs. oxidation in the body
Oxidation of the food is similar but occurs without flame and without high temperatures
64
Rusting
Oxidation of iron

Chem (7 decks)

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