Exam 1 Flashcards
Protons, neutrons, and electrons are referred to as _.
Subatomic particles
What is atomic mass (mass number)
Number of protons and neutrons (equal)
Why is carbon so important to life?
It has a valence of 4, so it needs electrons to fulfill the octet rule. Meaning it is highly reactive.
Random collisions…
Lead to non random outcomes
Weak attractions or interactions between two or more molecules (in close proximity) due to changes in electron density
Van der Waals interactions
What determines the type of bond formed?
The characteristics of the elements
What is heat capacity?
The amount of heat one gram of a substance must absorb in order to reach 1*C
Cells are about 70-90% water, but…
The remainder is primarily composed of molecules with carbon “backbones”
What do phospholipids do?
Form all membranes of the body
Hydrogen bonds
Weak bonds but can bond with anything
What are the 3 domains in life?
Bacteria, archaea, eukarya
Order of organization
Organelles - cells - tissues - organs/organ systems - organisms, populations, and communities - ecosystems - the biosphere
Which reaction builds up molecules?
Dehydration synthesis
Which reaction breaks down molecules?
Hydrolysis
Why can water break down this double bond? C =O
Because it is polar and a main solvent
Why is water so important?
Because most chemical reactions can’t happen without water
What is the central dogma?
DNA -> RNA -> Protein
What is a monomer?
Smallest form of larger macromolecules; nucleotide
Which direction is DNA polymer synthesized?
5’ -> 3’
What are the pyrimidines?
Cytosine, thymine, uracil (*remember CUT)
What are the purines?
adenine and guanine
Where is molecular energy stored?
Within the molecules
What does “complimentary base pairing” mean?
The nitrogenous base pairs will always pair witha. Very specific partner (DNA A:T C:G, RNA A:U, C:G)
What are the three differences between DNA and RNA?
DNA is double stranded, has deoxyribose sugar, and contains thymine.
RNA is single stranded, has ribose sugar, and contains uracil
