Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio 210 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Protons, neutrons, and electrons are referred to as _.

A

Subatomic particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is atomic mass (mass number)

A

Number of protons and neutrons (equal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why is carbon so important to life?

A

It has a valence of 4, so it needs electrons to fulfill the octet rule. Meaning it is highly reactive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Random collisions…

A

Lead to non random outcomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Weak attractions or interactions between two or more molecules (in close proximity) due to changes in electron density

A

Van der Waals interactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What determines the type of bond formed?

A

The characteristics of the elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is heat capacity?

A

The amount of heat one gram of a substance must absorb in order to reach 1*C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cells are about 70-90% water, but…

A

The remainder is primarily composed of molecules with carbon “backbones”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do phospholipids do?

A

Form all membranes of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hydrogen bonds

A

Weak bonds but can bond with anything

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 3 domains in life?

A

Bacteria, archaea, eukarya

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Order of organization

A

Organelles - cells - tissues - organs/organ systems - organisms, populations, and communities - ecosystems - the biosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which reaction builds up molecules?

A

Dehydration synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which reaction breaks down molecules?

A

Hydrolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why can water break down this double bond? C =O

A

Because it is polar and a main solvent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why is water so important?

A

Because most chemical reactions can’t happen without water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the central dogma?

A

DNA -> RNA -> Protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a monomer?

A

Smallest form of larger macromolecules; nucleotide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which direction is DNA polymer synthesized?

A

5’ -> 3’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the pyrimidines?

A

Cytosine, thymine, uracil (*remember CUT)

21
Q

What are the purines?

A

adenine and guanine

22
Q

Where is molecular energy stored?

A

Within the molecules

23
Q

What does “complimentary base pairing” mean?

A

The nitrogenous base pairs will always pair witha. Very specific partner (DNA A:T C:G, RNA A:U, C:G)

24
Q

What are the three differences between DNA and RNA?

A

DNA is double stranded, has deoxyribose sugar, and contains thymine.
RNA is single stranded, has ribose sugar, and contains uracil

25
Q

Which bonds hold the backbone?

A

Ester bonds (covalent bonds)

26
Q

Difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic.

A

Eukaryotic has a nucleus and a very structured membrane.
Prokaryotic has no nucleus or membrane.

27
Q

What is the monomer for carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharide

28
Q

What are three isomers?

A

Glucose, galactose, fructose

29
Q

What are three disaccharides?

A

Maltose, lactose, sucrose

30
Q

Chittin

A

Carbohydrate that forms the hard exoskeleton for arthropods

31
Q

What is the difference between a monomer and a polymer?

A

Monomer is 1 subunit, polymer is many (2+)

32
Q

What linkage bonds two monosaccharides?

A

Glycosidic bonds

33
Q

Triacylglycerol

A

Most common energy storage

34
Q

Waxes

A

Hydrophobic

35
Q

Phospholipids

A

Two fatty acids and a modified phosphate group bound to glycerol backbone

36
Q

Steroids

A

Closed ring structure

37
Q

What does unsaturated mean?

A

Lacks some hydrogen

38
Q

The shape the protein makes determines how they interact with the environment

A

Form = function

39
Q

What monomers are proteins made up of?

A

Monosaccharides, nucleotides, amino acids

40
Q

Fundamental structure of amino acids

A

Central carbon atom (a-carbon)
Amino group (-NH2)
Carboxyl group (-COOH)
Hydrogen
Side chain (R-group)

41
Q

What are the essential amino acids that must be supplied through diet for humans?

A

Isoleucine, leucine, and cysteine

42
Q

Primary protein structure

A

Sequence of a chain of amino acids

43
Q

Peptide bonds

A

Formed by dehydration synthesis reaction

44
Q

What in amino acids binds two groups together?

A

Carboxyl group

45
Q

Polypeptide chain

A

Made up of the hydrocarbon backbone

46
Q

Primary structure

A

Unique sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide

47
Q

Secondary structure

A

Weaker non-covalent bonds

48
Q

Tertiary structure

A

Forms the 3D shape of the proteiin

49
Q

Quaternary structure

A

Interactions between several polypeptides

Bio 210 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions