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PSY 215 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

What is abnormality

A
  • distress- cause emotional or physical pain
  • dysfunction- interfere with a person’s ability to function in daily life
  • deviance- outside cultural norms
  • dangerousness- can harm or scare self or others
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2
Q

patients’ rights movement

A

mental patients recover better or live more satisfying lives if they are integrated into the community

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3
Q

Laboratory observation

A

observes people or animals in a laboratory setting

advantage: experimenter can use sophisticated equipment to

disadvantage: behavior could become artificial

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4
Q

Naturalistic observation

A

studies human or animal in its natural environment, counts, measures, and rates behavior

advantage: behavior is natural and not tainted

disadvantage: researcher can be detected and influence the behavior

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5
Q

case studies

A

details description of one person or a small group based on careful observation

advantage: very detailed about the behavior

disadvantage: may be unrepresentative of the larger population

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6
Q

surveys/self-report data

A

questionnaire consisting of at least one scale with some questions used to asses a psychological construct of interest

advantage: allow for the collection of large amounts of data quickly

disadvantage: tedious, and social desirability (answer questions dishonestly to be seen in a more favorable light)

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7
Q

Correlational research

A

examines the relationship between two variables or two groups of variables, measures the strength of the relationship

advantage: you can correlate anything

disadvantage: does not define causation, could be another factor influencing the relationship

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8
Q

experiments

A

controlled test of a hypothesis that manipulates on variable and measures its effect on another variable

advantage: establish a clear cause-and-effect relationship

disadvantage: in laboratory setting may not accurately reflect real-world situations

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9
Q

multi-method research

A

employ different research methods at different stages of the study

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10
Q

moral treatment movement

A

respectful treatment and moral guidance for the mentally ill while considering their individual, social, and occupational needs

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11
Q

mental hygiene movement

A

focused on the physical well-being of patients

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12
Q

community mental health movement

A

provide coordinate mental health services to people in community mental health centers
- halfway houses: long-term mental health problems -> opportunity to live in a structured supportive environment
- day treatment centers: obtain treatment during the day and go back home at the night

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13
Q

psychiatrists

A
  • have MD
  • trained in psychological treatment
  • can prescribe medications
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14
Q

clinical psychologists

A
  • PhD
  • specialize in treating and researching psychological problems
  • can prescribe medication in selected states
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15
Q

marriage and family therapist

A
  • Masters
  • specialize in helping families, couples, and children
  • can make diagnoses and provide therapy
  • cannot prescribe medication
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16
Q

clinical social workers

A
  • masters in social work or PhD
  • help overcome social conditions contributing to psychological problems
  • cannot prescribe medication
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17
Q

licensed mental health counselors

A
  • graduate training in counseling
  • no PhD
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18
Q

psychiatric nurses

A
  • nursing degree (M.S.N) with specialization in treatment of psychological disorders
  • can prescribe medications
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19
Q

uni-dimensional model vs multi-dimensional model

A
  • single factor explanation to abnormality
  • integrates multiple causes of psychopathology
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20
Q

biological model

A
  • genetics, chemical imbalances in the brain, functioning of the nervous system
  • considers illness to be brought about by malfunctioning parts of the organism
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21
Q

psychological model

A
  • learning, personality, stress, cognition, self-efficacy, and early life experiences
  • psychodynamic (unconscious) , behavioral, cognitive, and humanistic-existential
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22
Q

sociocultural model

A
  • gender, religious orientation, race, ethnicity, and culture
  • socioeconomic status
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23
Q

organization of the nervous system/ responsibilities

A
  • CNS and PNS
  • neurons are the cells that work the nervous system
  • receptor cells in our five sensory systems convert the physical energy and send it to the brain via neural impulse
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24
Q

medulla

Study These Flashcards
A

regulates breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure

25
pons
connects the cerebellum and medulla transfer messages between different parts of the brain and spinal cord
26
reticular formation
responsible for alertness and attention
27
cerebellum
sense of balance and coordinating the body's muscles - learning of certain kinds of simple responses and acquired reflexes
28
thalamus
major sensory relay center for all senses except smell
29
hypothalamus
survival, regulated temperature by triggering sweating or shivering - controls the complex operations of the autonomic nervous system
30
amygdala
evaluating sensory information and quickly determining its emotional importance
31
hippocampus
memory, spatial memories, new memories
32
cerebrum
1. frontal lobe: motor cortex, voluntary movement 2. parietal lobe: somatosensory cortex, pressure, pain, touch, and temperature from skin, muscles, joints, internal organs, and taste buds 3. occipital lobe: visual cortex 4. temporal lobe: auditory cortex
33
repression
blocking unacceptable ideas, wishes, desires, or memories - forgetting a horrific car accident
34
reaction formation
when an impulse is repressed and then expressed by its opposite - when you're angry but you act over friendly instead
35
displacement
satisfy an impulse with a different object because focusing on the primary object - angry at your boss you lash out on other people instead of your boss
36
projection
attribute threatening desires or unacceptable motives to others - don't have a specific skill? you blame others
37
sublimation
socially acceptable way to express a desire - stress out we go to the gym
38
denial
deny how bad a situation is - denying a diagnosis of cancer
39
identification
when we find someone who has a socially acceptable way to satisfy their unconscious wishes and desires we model that behavior
40
regression
move from mature behavior to one that is infantile - hands over ears and saying la la la
41
rationalization
reasons for why we did what we did but not real reasons - i didn't do good in a class because i'm not interested in the subject
42
intellectualization
avoid emotion by focusing on the intellectual aspect of a situation - avoid the sadness of a dead mom but focus on planning the funeral
43
self-serving bias
attribute out success to our own efforts and our failures to external causes
44
reliability vs validity
- there is a consistency of a measurement that produces the same results when used repeatedly - validity: test measures what is says it measures
45
DSM
lists of categories, disorders, and symptom descriptions, with guidelines for assignments
46
DSM categories
schizophrenia, bipolar, depressive, anxiety, OCD, trauma, dissociative, somatic, feeding/eating, substance/addiction, neurocognitive, and personality
47
DSM classification systems
common language, diagnostic coeds, reclassification, cultural differences, and international acceptance
48
psychotherapy
psychologist apply scientifically validated procedures to help people develop healthier, more effective habits. - cognitive, behavior, humanistic, psychodynamic, couples/family, and biological treatments
49
mood
key differences between the two mood disorder groups is episodes of mania/hypomania - depressive and bipolar
49
persistent depressive disorder
DSM: dysthymia and chronic major depression - milder depressed mood for most of the day for at least 2 years
50
peripartum onset
episodes occurs during pregnancy or in the 4 weeks after childbirth
50
seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
experience and fully recover from major depressive episodes occurring seasonally for at least 2 years
50
major depressive disorder
depressive symptoms lasting 2 weeks or more, single or recurrent episodes
51
treatment options for mood
* cognitive-behavioral therapy * psychotherapy with medication
52
premenstrual dysphoric disorder
increase distress during the premenstrual phase
53
drug types to treat depressive diorders
1. antidepressants 2. SSRI's 3. tricyclic antidepressants 4. monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
54
therapy types to treat depressive disorders
* CBT * behavioral activation: change behavior to alleviate depression and prevent future relapse * interpersonal therapy: manage interpersonal issues to alleviate depression
55
drug types to treat bipolar disorder
controversial but mood stabilizers, however, doesn't show effect in decreasing depression if patient has both
56
therapy types to treat bipolar disorders
* medication adherence (people stop taking mood stabilizers because they "feel better") * social skills training * problem solving skills

PSY 215 (3 decks)

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