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PSY 215 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is abnormality

A
  • distress- cause emotional or physical pain
  • dysfunction- interfere with a person’s ability to function in daily life
  • deviance- outside cultural norms
  • dangerousness- can harm or scare self or others
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2
Q

patients’ rights movement

A

mental patients recover better or live more satisfying lives if they are integrated into the community

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3
Q

Laboratory observation

A

observes people or animals in a laboratory setting

advantage: experimenter can use sophisticated equipment to

disadvantage: behavior could become artificial

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4
Q

Naturalistic observation

A

studies human or animal in its natural environment, counts, measures, and rates behavior

advantage: behavior is natural and not tainted

disadvantage: researcher can be detected and influence the behavior

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5
Q

case studies

A

details description of one person or a small group based on careful observation

advantage: very detailed about the behavior

disadvantage: may be unrepresentative of the larger population

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6
Q

surveys/self-report data

A

questionnaire consisting of at least one scale with some questions used to asses a psychological construct of interest

advantage: allow for the collection of large amounts of data quickly

disadvantage: tedious, and social desirability (answer questions dishonestly to be seen in a more favorable light)

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7
Q

Correlational research

A

examines the relationship between two variables or two groups of variables, measures the strength of the relationship

advantage: you can correlate anything

disadvantage: does not define causation, could be another factor influencing the relationship

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8
Q

experiments

A

controlled test of a hypothesis that manipulates on variable and measures its effect on another variable

advantage: establish a clear cause-and-effect relationship

disadvantage: in laboratory setting may not accurately reflect real-world situations

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9
Q

multi-method research

A

employ different research methods at different stages of the study

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10
Q

moral treatment movement

A

respectful treatment and moral guidance for the mentally ill while considering their individual, social, and occupational needs

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11
Q

mental hygiene movement

A

focused on the physical well-being of patients

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12
Q

community mental health movement

A

provide coordinate mental health services to people in community mental health centers
- halfway houses: long-term mental health problems -> opportunity to live in a structured supportive environment
- day treatment centers: obtain treatment during the day and go back home at the night

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13
Q

psychiatrists

A
  • have MD
  • trained in psychological treatment
  • can prescribe medications
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14
Q

clinical psychologists

A
  • PhD
  • specialize in treating and researching psychological problems
  • can prescribe medication in selected states
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15
Q

marriage and family therapist

A
  • Masters
  • specialize in helping families, couples, and children
  • can make diagnoses and provide therapy
  • cannot prescribe medication
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16
Q

clinical social workers

A
  • masters in social work or PhD
  • help overcome social conditions contributing to psychological problems
  • cannot prescribe medication
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17
Q

licensed mental health counselors

A
  • graduate training in counseling
  • no PhD
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18
Q

psychiatric nurses

A
  • nursing degree (M.S.N) with specialization in treatment of psychological disorders
  • can prescribe medications
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19
Q

uni-dimensional model vs multi-dimensional model

A
  • single factor explanation to abnormality
  • integrates multiple causes of psychopathology
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20
Q

biological model

A
  • genetics, chemical imbalances in the brain, functioning of the nervous system
  • considers illness to be brought about by malfunctioning parts of the organism
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21
Q

psychological model

A
  • learning, personality, stress, cognition, self-efficacy, and early life experiences
  • psychodynamic (unconscious) , behavioral, cognitive, and humanistic-existential
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22
Q

sociocultural model

A
  • gender, religious orientation, race, ethnicity, and culture
  • socioeconomic status
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23
Q

organization of the nervous system/ responsibilities

A
  • CNS and PNS
  • neurons are the cells that work the nervous system
  • receptor cells in our five sensory systems convert the physical energy and send it to the brain via neural impulse
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24
Q

medulla

A

regulates breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure

25
Q

pons

A

connects the cerebellum and medulla
transfer messages between different parts of the brain and spinal cord

26
Q

reticular formation

A

responsible for alertness and attention

27
Q

cerebellum

A

sense of balance and coordinating the body’s muscles
- learning of certain kinds of simple responses and acquired reflexes

28
Q

thalamus

A

major sensory relay center for all senses except smell

29
Q

hypothalamus

A

survival, regulated temperature by triggering sweating or shivering
- controls the complex operations of the autonomic nervous system

30
Q

amygdala

A

evaluating sensory information and quickly determining its emotional importance

31
Q

hippocampus

A

memory, spatial memories, new memories

32
Q

cerebrum

A
  1. frontal lobe: motor cortex, voluntary movement
  2. parietal lobe: somatosensory cortex, pressure, pain, touch, and temperature from skin, muscles, joints, internal organs, and taste buds
  3. occipital lobe: visual cortex
  4. temporal lobe: auditory cortex
33
Q

repression

A

blocking unacceptable ideas, wishes, desires, or memories
- forgetting a horrific car accident

34
Q

reaction formation

A

when an impulse is repressed and then expressed by its opposite
- when you’re angry but you act over friendly instead

35
Q

displacement

A

satisfy an impulse with a different object because focusing on the primary object
- angry at your boss you lash out on other people instead of your boss

36
Q

projection

A

attribute threatening desires or unacceptable motives to others
- don’t have a specific skill? you blame others

37
Q

sublimation

A

socially acceptable way to express a desire
- stress out we go to the gym

38
Q

denial

A

deny how bad a situation is
- denying a diagnosis of cancer

39
Q

identification

A

when we find someone who has a socially acceptable way to satisfy their unconscious wishes and desires we model that behavior

40
Q

regression

A

move from mature behavior to one that is infantile
- hands over ears and saying la la la

41
Q

rationalization

A

reasons for why we did what we did but not real reasons
- i didn’t do good in a class because i’m not interested in the subject

42
Q

intellectualization

A

avoid emotion by focusing on the intellectual aspect of a situation
- avoid the sadness of a dead mom but focus on planning the funeral

43
Q

self-serving bias

A

attribute out success to our own efforts and our failures to external causes

44
Q

reliability vs validity

A
  • there is a consistency of a measurement that produces the same results when used repeatedly
  • validity: test measures what is says it measures
45
Q

DSM

A

lists of categories, disorders, and symptom descriptions, with guidelines for assignments

46
Q

DSM categories

A

schizophrenia, bipolar, depressive, anxiety, OCD, trauma, dissociative, somatic, feeding/eating, substance/addiction, neurocognitive, and personality

47
Q

DSM classification systems

A

common language, diagnostic coeds, reclassification, cultural differences, and international acceptance

48
Q

psychotherapy

A

psychologist apply scientifically validated procedures to help people develop healthier, more effective habits.
- cognitive, behavior, humanistic, psychodynamic, couples/family, and biological treatments

49
Q

mood

A

key differences between the two mood disorder groups is episodes of mania/hypomania
- depressive and bipolar

49
Q

persistent depressive disorder

A

DSM: dysthymia and chronic major depression
- milder depressed mood for most of the day for at least 2 years

50
Q

peripartum onset

A

episodes occurs during pregnancy or in the 4 weeks after childbirth

50
Q

seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

A

experience and fully recover from major depressive episodes occurring seasonally for at least 2 years

50
Q

major depressive disorder

A

depressive symptoms lasting 2 weeks or more, single or recurrent episodes

51
Q

treatment options for mood

A
  • cognitive-behavioral therapy
  • psychotherapy with medication
52
Q

premenstrual dysphoric disorder

A

increase distress during the premenstrual phase

53
Q

drug types to treat depressive diorders

A
  1. antidepressants
  2. SSRI’s
  3. tricyclic antidepressants
  4. monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
54
Q

therapy types to treat depressive disorders

A
  • CBT
  • behavioral activation: change behavior to alleviate depression and prevent future relapse
  • interpersonal therapy: manage interpersonal issues to alleviate depression
55
Q

drug types to treat bipolar disorder

A

controversial but mood stabilizers, however, doesn’t show effect in decreasing depression if patient has both

56
Q

therapy types to treat bipolar disorders

A
  • medication adherence (people stop taking mood stabilizers because they “feel better”)
  • social skills training
  • problem solving skills

PSY 215 (3 decks)

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