exam 1

Question 1

nature v nurture

Answer 1

biology v up bringing

Question 2

continuity v discontinuity

Answer 2

gradual v stages/ steps

Question 3

sociocultural influence

Answer 3

social contexts and environments influence on a persons behaviors and thoughts

Question 4

active child

Answer 4

child’s development through interacting with day to day environment

Question 5

individual difference

Answer 5

distinguish one person from another

Question 6

1st developmental study: Psammerichus II

Answer 6

cut out shepard’s tongue so a kid would not hear any language to see what word in what language the kid would say first

Question 7

aristotle- view on childhood

Answer 7

all knowledge comes from experience, child-rearing should adjust to needs of child

Question 8

plato- view on childhood

Answer 8

born with innate knowledge, strict discipline and self control always

Question 9

locke- view on childhood

Answer 9

a blank slate, emphasized on nurture, importance of early strict parenting

Question 10

rousseau- view on childhood

Answer 10

innately good, emphasized on nature, child learns via spontaneous interactions w/ objects/people, not instructions

Question 11

Darwin’s contributions

Answer 11

examination of humans, diary of child, studied his children, observations about development

Question 12

Germinal stage

Answer 12

conception 2weeks, creating zygote, cell division and migration

Question 13

embryonic stage

Answer 13

3-8 weeks, embryo, cell differentiation, stem cells turn into other cells, cell death forming the body, apoptosis

Question 14

face development

Answer 14

6-7 weeks, three flaps “philtrum” connecting the face

Question 15

embryonic support system

Answer 15

placenta, umbilical cord

Question 16

fetal

Answer 16

9 weeks on, quantitative change, reflexive behaviors, nutrients from placenta, horomones

Question 17

cat in the hat study

Answer 17

where mothers read “cat in the hat” while they were pregnant and read it again to the baby after they gave birth, baby preferred “cat in the hat”

Question 18

neurogenesis

Answer 18

neurons growing

Question 19

myelination

Answer 19

fatty layer (myelin) accumulates around nerve cells, begins before birth and continues into adolescence

Question 20

synaptogenesis

Answer 20

process which neurons form synapses with other neurons resulting in trillions of connections

Question 21

synapse pruning

Answer 21

where synapse are lost at different times and areas

Question 22

experience-expectant

Answer 22

brain wiring occurs due to normal experience common across all people and present over the course of evolution

Question 23

experience-dependent

Answer 23

environment impact the biological organization of the brain

Question 24

sensitive periods

Answer 24

when the brain is fully developed or not developed enough

Question 25

plasticity

Answer 25

the capacity of the brain to be affected by experience

Question 26

selective breeding

Answer 26

people look for specific traits in animals

Question 27

child parent phenotype genotype

Answer 27

organisms genotypes in inherited from parent, genotype influences phenotype

Question 28

norm of reaction

Answer 28

refers to all the phenotypes that could theoretically result from a given genotype in relation to all the environments in which it could survive and develop

Question 29

heritability

Answer 29

inherence of genes which impacts IQ, personality traits, life expectancy, attitudes and preferences

Question 30

epigenetics

Answer 30

the environment impacts genes

Question 31

perception

Answer 31

the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information about the objects, events, and spatial layout

Question 32

sensation

Answer 32

the low-level processing of basic information from the external world by sensory receptors

Question 33

habituation

Answer 33

continuing to see something that it becomes normal/ “unseen”

Question 34

scanning

Answer 34

1 mos scan perimeters, 2 mos scan both perimeters and interiors

Question 35

bifocal vision

Answer 35

parallax, convergence

Question 36

pictorial cues

Answer 36

linear perspective, overlap/ interposition, texture gradient

Question 37

dynamic cues

Answer 37

motion parallax, optical expansion

Question 38

face perception

Answer 38

babies look longer at faces,innate template of a face,