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Aging & Society > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

geriatrics

A

specialty within the health professions that is concerned w/ prevention or management of diseases that may occur as individuals age

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2
Q

social gerontology

A

study of biological, psychological, and social aspects of aging
-how social structures affects and is affected by the older population and the diversity of aging experiences

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3
Q

life expectancy

A

of years that an average person at any age, including babies, can expect to live

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4
Q

life span

A

max length of life of a species for humans.
longest ever lived 122.

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5
Q

social aging

A

individuals changing roles and relationships with fam, friends, and other informal supportsas they age

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6
Q

biological aging

A

efficiency and functional abilities of an individual’s organ systems

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7
Q

modernization theory

A

advances in technology, applied sciences, urbanization, and literacy which in this context are related to a decline in the status of older people

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8
Q

filial piety

A

sense of respectful obedience to elderd that has traditionally encouraged care for one’s aging family members in asian cultures

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9
Q

skipped generation

A

a family that included no parent generation but only grandchild, grandparent, and/or great-grandparent generations who lived together, with no other individuals or relatives

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10
Q

role theory

A

belief that roles define us and self concept, and shape our behavior
people play variety of roles in life and those roles define them
ex)grandparent vs no longer a spouse

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11
Q

activity theory

A
  1. active older ppl are more satisfied and better adjusted than those who aren’t active
  2. older person’s self-concept is validated thru participation in roles characteristic of middle age and older ppl should therefore replace lost roles with new ones to maintain their place in society
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12
Q

disengagement theory

A

cuz of inevitable decline with age, older ppl become decreasingly active with outer world and increasingly preoccupied w/ their inner lives

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13
Q

continuity theory

A

challenges activity and disengagement theory
central personality characteristics become more pronounced w/ age or are retained thru life w/ little change
(ppl don’t change dramatically as they age)

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14
Q

political economy of aging

A

(karl marx) social class determines a person’s access to resources, position, and life satisfaction
-dominant groups within society try to sustain their own interests by perpetuating class inequalities

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15
Q

age stratification theory

A

societal age structure influences our roles, self-concept, and life satisfaction
ex) expect older couples to not want affection

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16
Q

social exchange theory

A

personal status is defined by balance between ppl’s contributions to society and costs of supporting them
society and ppl want to maximize benefits and minimize costs

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17
Q

social support

A

having friends and other people, including family, to turn to in times of need or crisis to give you a broader focus and positive self-image

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18
Q

reciprocal exchange

A

sharing resources and assistance among individuals
ex) you do things for me in your capacity and I do things for you

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19
Q

gray divorce

A

demographic trend of increasing divorce rate for older couples in long-lasting marriages

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20
Q

viropause

A

“male menopause”
term that suggests a change experienced by men as their production of testosterone decreases in later life
“low tesosterone syndrome”

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21
Q

climacteric

A

loss of reproduction

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22
Q

caregiver burden

A

physical, emotional, and financial costs associated with care

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23
Q

respite care

A

planned or emergency short-term relief for caregivers from demands of ongoing care

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24
Q

Acts of daily living (ADLs)

A

Activities of daily living are activities related to personal care. They include bathing or showering, dressing, getting in and out of bed or a chair, walking, using the toilet, and eating

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25
Q

aging in place

A

the ability to live in one’s own home and community safely, independently, and comfortably, regardless of age, income, or ability leve

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26
Q

flexible housing

A

housing that can be renovated, changed to adjust to needs of residents

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27
Q

compassionate release

A

designed to release prisoners with terminal illnesses or those who are extremely advanced in age

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28
Q

universal design

A

the process of creating products that are accessible to people with a wide range of abilities, disabilities, and other characteristics

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29
Q

elder cottage

A

Small manufactured residences, placed in the yard of a host family. assists older adults with dignity and independence and allows them to age in place

30
Q

age-friendly community

A

adapts its services and physical structures to be more inclusive and receptive to the needs of its population to improve their quality of life as they age

31
Q

issues facing cross sectional research

A

observing differences in snapshots across age differences
-issue is cannot observe differences over a period of time

32
Q

longitudinal studies vs non longitudinal studies

A

longitudinal studies follow ppl across time periods for data but only takes survivor bias into account

33
Q

elders in traditional vs modern societies

A

elders in traditional societies have higher political, social, and civil power in their communities. whereas in modern societies, with greater modernization, comes a decrease in power, value, and leadership within older ppl.

34
Q

immigrant elders vs US-born elders poverty rates

A

immigrant elders face poverty rates DOUBLE of U.S born elders

35
Q

modernization and the status of elders

A

modernization causes decrease in power, value, and leadership of older adults in society

36
Q

importance of social support in later years

A

incredibly important in later years, as it is more needed when we need more help

37
Q

why is there an increase in multigenerational households

A

lack of affordable housing as well as younger adults marrying later and staying in school longer

38
Q

factors for greatest geographic proximity to nearest child

A
  • health of parent
    -age of parents (older=closer)
    -marital status (widowed=closest, remarried=farther)
39
Q

differences between ppl w/o adult kids in their olders years vs who do in older years

A

childless older ppl have friends and other fam that play key role in their lives. tend to have smaller social networks but aren’t necessarily socially isolated.
more likely to utilize nursing homes

40
Q

factors contributing to happy marriage in later life

A

adequate communication, equality in gender roles, and joint decision-making

41
Q

what influences sexual behavior in older adults

A

-past history of sexual activity
-attitudes towards sex
-reaction to physiological changes
-responses to attitudes of others
-societal misconceptions
-living arragnements
-widow’s syndrome

42
Q

physiological changes that affect women’s sexual expression

A

climacteric, menopause, decreased estrogen

43
Q

physiological changes that affect older men’s sexual expression

A

erectile dysfunction

44
Q

medication and its effects on sexuality

A

medications can cause complications and decrease in sexual arousal

45
Q

psychological factors that affect the ways older people express their sexuality

A
46
Q

who is most likely to provide caregiving***

A

the eldest daughter of a family

47
Q

different types of elder abuse and examples

A

neglect, physical, emotional, sexual, financial. can occur in many different care settings.
-bed sores, feces, not bathing, belongings missing

48
Q

why elder abuse is poorly misunderstood

A

often invisible because it is hard for elders to recognize it or report it. often taken care of from family so it is hard to believe.

49
Q

primary vs secondary stressors

A

primary: events that derive directly from elders’ illness
secondary: occur when primary stressors spill over into other aspects of the caregivers’ life

50
Q

objective vs subjective burden

A

objective: daily physical tasks
subjective: caregivers’ emotions/feelings by taking care of someone

51
Q

why suburban living is difficult for elders

A

difficult if they lose their ability to drive, will not be able to access many essential services, may be socially isolated, and cause problems with dependence

52
Q

most common type of home ownership for elders

A

over 90% of ppl 65+ live in traditional independent housing (no one wants to live with someone else)

53
Q

benefits of aging in place

A

continuing to live with social supports and services in a private home or apartment in one’s neighborhood helps with life satisfaction, self-esteem, better health, better support system

54
Q

how has life expectancy changed over the last century? Why? is that trend still the same?

A

life expectancy has grown over the last century and that trend is still the same. increases with better sanitation and hygeine, better nutrition, better healthcare

55
Q

why do we say “older adults” instead of “the elderly” to describe them

A

elder has a negative connotation and makes ppl picture someone incredibly old and senile

56
Q

advantages and disadvantages of using longtiduinal research

A

good: able to see how someone changes over the life course
bad: survivor bias, many people may die and there will not be as much data

57
Q

what can you tell about a population by looking at its population pyramid?

A

the more of a rectangle, the slower a population is growing and the more of a pyramid is the faster the population is growing.

58
Q

strategies to recognize the economic value of older workers and why is it important

A

offer incentives & tax credits, provide retraining or placement counseling, flexible scheduling, facilitate intergenerational communication, assist in learning/using technology.
important because they contribute to economy and tax base. younger ppl leaving for jobs elsewhere, older adults can fill those roles, systems like social security also require more people putting in that ppl taking out.

59
Q

life course perspective and how it contributes to understanding of aging

A

understanding older adulthood as part of a continuity of human development across life span, from birth to death

60
Q

feminist gerontology and what is the purpose and goals of this theory**

A

attempts to document the experiences of elderly women and to promote new interpretations of female aging.

61
Q

what unique social support challenges do LGBTQ+ elders face and why

A

uncertain of # of “invisible minority”, lifelong social isolation and marginalization, many may have been closested whole life
-lacked legal protection of marriage and face disparities in healthcare

62
Q

phases of the climacteric

A

perimenopause: up to 10 yrs before meno
menopause: menstrual cycle ends
postmenopause: 12 months have passed w/o period

63
Q

how is the Baby Boomer generation redefining intimacy in the later years

A

much more comfortable expressing a range of sexuality than people from previous generations. no longer expectation that sex ends in middle years.

64
Q

how is caregiving gendered

A

Up to 61% of all caregivers, formal and informal, are female, and they may spend as much as 50% more time giving care than males

65
Q

how has caregivers’ desire for info changed over the last decade

A

thru educational groups, support groups, skills training, how to access services and resources, and how to modify the home

66
Q

what is the purpose of age-friendly communities and who does it benefit***

A

help residents age in place by providing services and transportation that are necessary, benefits everyone of all ages

67
Q

characteristics of age-friendly communities

A

zoning for affordable, accessible housing, walkable, close access to social and health services. social interaction, civic engagement, environment that encourages physical activity

68
Q

features of homes that support aging in place

A

bathrooms w/ roll in shower, hands free faucets, uniform lighting, elevator, nonskid flooring, low-pile carpeting, computerized controls for heat, lights, windosws, flexible plumping

69
Q

reasons for expansion of research in social gerontology

A

dramatic increase in population over 65 due to increased life expectancy, reduction in infant/child mortality, improved treatments of disease

70
Q

urbanization and scientific tech as viewed through modernization theory

A

all parts of world are increasingly urbanized, 53% now live in cities compared to 30% in 1950.
advancements in scientific technology are more likely to leave older people behind in manual jobs.

Aging & Society (2 decks)

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