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Primary Care > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Legally, ATs must do what 4 things

A

Maintain skills and knowledge
Provide reasonable standard of care
Appropriate medical referral
Uphold patient right to privacy

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2
Q

Conduct falling below an established and expected standard of care

A

Negligence

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3
Q

3 main methods of PPE

A

Office visit, Assembly Line Approach, Mass Screening Station approach

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4
Q

Movement in or out of cell

A

Cytosis

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5
Q

Cell eats stuff

A

Phagocytosis

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6
Q

Cell brings in

A

Endocytosis

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7
Q

Cell drinks

A

Pinocytosis

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8
Q

Cell excretes

A

Exocytosis

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9
Q

Thymus

A

Produces T-Cells
Less active in adults
T lymphocytes become immunocompetent

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10
Q

Spleen

A

Filters blood and lymph removing RBC and platelets

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11
Q

Lymph

A

System network of fluid, nodes, and vessels

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12
Q

Which 2 types of cells have “memory”

A

B and T cells

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13
Q

Humoral Response

A

Antigen enters -> B cell antibodies in blood -> Neutralize or marked antigen -> Natural killers destruct antigen

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14
Q

Innate Immune Response

A

1st Layer = skin, mucus membrane
2nd Layer = Cellular and Chemical

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15
Q

Chemical mediators cause what?

A

Chemotaxis (movement of organisms based on chemical reactions)

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16
Q

What does the Innate Immune response inhibit physically and for how long?

A

Muscle strength (2-4 weeks)
Aerobic Capacity (up to 3 months)

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17
Q

Adaptive Immune Response is used in the making of what?

A

Vaccines

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18
Q

Adaptive Immune Response

A

3rd Line of Defense
B cells produce antibodies specific to the antigen
Antibodies cure phagocytes
B-cells remember antigens
T-cells regulate B-cell activity

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19
Q

Moderate exercise does what to immune system function

A

decreases

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20
Q

3 reasons for sustained depression of immune system

A

Intense exersice
Lack of Recovery
Long-Duration activity

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21
Q

Risk of Infection

A

High in Inactive people
High in Elite competitors
Lower in Medium Workload group

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22
Q

Difference between nonprescription and prescription drugs

A

Potential for adverse events, interactions, or a identified timeframe is common with prescription drugs

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23
Q

Explain the parts of the Kinetic Concentration Curve

A

Onset Time - Time it takes for the drug to reach the MEC
MEC - Minimal Effective Concentration aka the minimum concentration of the drug in the system needed for the body to feel the effects
Therapeutic Range - Range between the MEC and MTC that provides a therapeutic effect for the body
MTC - Minimal Toxic Concentration aka the minimum concentration of the drug in the system needed for it to become toxic to the body

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24
Q

Molecular site where produces biological effect

A

Site of Action

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25
Q

Measure of metabolism and excretion

A

Clearance rate

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26
Q

Amount absorbed and rate or absorption

A

Bioavailability

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27
Q

Amount and rate of enter is the same

A

Bioequivalence

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28
Q

Drugs that more readily dissolve in the GI tract and are excreted by the kidney faster are known as

A

Water Soluble

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29
Q

Drugs that more easily cross membrane and are easier to enter the CNS are known as

A

Lipid Soluble

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30
Q

If drug isn’t strong enough to bind to albumin

A

Travel time or effect time will be affected

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31
Q

Medication that activates once it enters the body

A

Prodrug

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32
Q

Exercise effect on drugs

A

If you are not hydrated, less distribution of the drug

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33
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

The study on the effect of drugs on the body both biochemically and physiologically

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34
Q

The study of parameters that determine the most appropriate therapy

A

Therapeutics

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35
Q

When taking 2 drugs, they help the same amount

A

Additive effect

36
Q

When taking 2 drugs, you increase the overall effect

A

Synergistic effect

37
Q

When taking 2 drugs at the same time, they reduce the overall effect

A

Antagonistic effect

38
Q

If the key is the drug, what is the lock

A

Drug receptor

39
Q

Most common B2 agonist

A

Albuterol

40
Q

Primary effect of Albuterol

A

Increase HR and BP, Blood glucose increase

41
Q

Secondary effect of Albuterol

A

Bronchodilation

42
Q

Drug taken by people who have high BP and HR, lowers fight or flight, decreases blood glucose

A

B-Blocker

43
Q

What are the things on a drug sign out sheet that should be listed

A

Name, Date, Lot Number, Time, Drug Given, Amount Given, Reason Given, Signature of ATC

44
Q

Administering Drugs

A

Meds given to the patient that is consumed within 24 hrs. A dose intended as a 1-time treatment

45
Q

Dispensing Drugs

A

Meds for more than 24-hr period and includes the interpretation of the prescription order

46
Q

Ibuprofen

A

Category - NSAID
Typical dosage - 200 mg tablets (400mg every 6-8 hrs)
800 mg = prescription dose
aka Advil, Motrin, etc

47
Q

Acetaminophen

A

Category - Analgesic
Typical dosage - 650 mg every 4-6 hrs
No more than 4 g/day

48
Q

Naproxen sodium

A

Category - NSAID
Typical Dosage - 250-500 mg every 12 hrs
aka Aleve

49
Q

Aspirin

A

Category - NSAID
Typical Dosage - 80 - 1000 mg every 4 hrs

50
Q

Guaifenesin

A

Category - Mucolytic
Typical Dosage - 200 - 1200 mg
Main med in Mucinex

51
Q

Dextromethorphan

A

Category - Antitussive
Typical Dosage - 5-15 mg every 2 hr or as needed

52
Q

Diphenhydramine

A

Category - Antihistamine
Typical Dosage - 10 -50 mg every 4-6 hrs
aka Benedryl

53
Q

Phenylephrine

A

Category - Decongestant
Typical Dosage - 5 - 10 mg
FDA says no workey

54
Q

Pseudoephedrine

A

Category - Decongestant
Typical Dosage - 60 mg every 4-6 hr

55
Q

Pathway of Blood to the Heart

A

SVC - RA - RV - PA - Lungs - LA - LV - AO - Body

56
Q

Top 3 causes of SCD

A

HCM, Anomalous CA, and Myocarditis

57
Q

How long can T Cells and B Cells live for?

A

Years

58
Q

Why is blood doping bad?

A

Coagulates blood causing clotting

59
Q

Pathogenesis of Sickle Cell

A

Presence of Sickle cell leads to low o2 tension distorting the shape of a RBC. Since this cell cannot carry as much O2, it stiffens causing hemolysis. This leads to cramping sensations, logjammed blood vessels, and explosive rhabdo. From this, people experience Acute Renal Failure (ARF) leading to more potassium (K+) in the blood stream causing an arrhythmia and eventually a heart attack.

60
Q

Hematocrit

A

The percentage by volume of red cells in your blood

61
Q

Condition marked by hypertrophy of the heart, increased cardiac output, and common in endurance athletes

A

Athletic Heart

62
Q

CAA High Risk Site

A

Where coronary artery makes an acute bend and runs between pulmonary artery and aorta

63
Q

CAA Most Common Site

A

Left coronary artery arising from right sinus of Valsalva

64
Q

CAA Right Side

A

Right coronary artery arising from left sinus of Valsalva

65
Q

Wolfe-Parkinson White (WPW)

A

Found during delta wave of an EKG, curative with catheter ablation, recommended all athletes need cardiology eval/EP study and can return to all competitive sports after ablation

66
Q

Would you give someone with Von Willebrand Factor blood clot meds?

A

No

67
Q

Electrical Conduction of the heart

A

SA Node -> AV Node -> Bundle of His -> R and L bundle branches -> Purkinje fibers

68
Q

What substance does the liver produce in the Renin-Angiotensin-aldosterone system?

A

Angiotensinogen

69
Q

What does Angiotensinogen turn into and with help from what?

A

Angiotensin 1, Renin from the kidney

70
Q

What does angiotensin 1 turn into with help from what?

A

Angiotensin 2, ACE (Angiotensin Converter Enzyme) from the lungs

71
Q

What are 3 responses caused by Angiotensin 2

A

Increase in Sympathetic Activity

Arteriolar vasoconstriction leading to an increase in BP

Increase in Pituitary gland activity leading to ADH secretion, leading to H2O reabsorption

72
Q

If I take an Angiotensin 2 blocker (ARBY), what happens?

A

Sympathetic Activity decreases

No vasoconstriction

No water reabsorption

73
Q

If I take an ACE inhibitor, what happens?

A

Angiotensin 1 doesn’t turn into Angiotensin 2, leading to no downstream effects

74
Q

What hematocrit levels signal anemia in males and females?

A

41% in males, 37% in females

75
Q

Medication that stops blood cells from sticking together

A

Antiplatelet

76
Q

Medication that lowers cholesterol

A

Statins

77
Q

Medications that dilate your blood vessels

A

Nitrates

78
Q

Can taking a statin increase the odds of a rhabdo event during general exercise?

A

Yes

79
Q

What type of conditions are electrical channel blockers used for

A

Arrhythmias

80
Q

Arterial blood

A

PCO2 - 40 mmHg
PO2 - 100 mmHg

81
Q

Venous blood

A

PCO2 - 46 mmHg
PO2 - 40 mmHg

82
Q

Ambient Air

A

PCO2 - 0.2 mmHg
PO2 - 160 mmHg

83
Q

What inflammatory mediators are involved with a cold

A

PGE, LTs, and kinins

84
Q

Explain the procedure of allergies on a cell level from Sensitization to clinical effects

A

Once we first experience an allergen, we make antibodies on our B-cells, we do not experience any major symptoms. From this we arm Mast cells with these receptors so next time when antigen is present, our body sounds the alarm to release mediators causing anaphylaxis, asthma, and hay fever.

85
Q

SABA and LABA

A

Short Acting Beta Agonist

Long Acting Beta Agonist

86
Q

Steps of Management for Asthma

A
  1. SABA prn
  2. Low-dose ICS
  3. Low-dose ICS + LABA or Med-dose ICS
  4. Med-dose ICS + LABA
  5. Hi-dose ICS + LABA (maybe allergy meds as well)
  6. Hi-dose ICS + LABA + Allergy meds

Step down if controlled for more than 3 months

Primary Care (2 decks)

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