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Primary Care > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

(86 cards)

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1
Q

Legally, ATs must do what 4 things

A

Maintain skills and knowledge
Provide reasonable standard of care
Appropriate medical referral
Uphold patient right to privacy

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2
Q

Conduct falling below an established and expected standard of care

A

Negligence

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3
Q

3 main methods of PPE

A

Office visit, Assembly Line Approach, Mass Screening Station approach

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4
Q

Movement in or out of cell

A

Cytosis

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5
Q

Cell eats stuff

A

Phagocytosis

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6
Q

Cell brings in

A

Endocytosis

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7
Q

Cell drinks

A

Pinocytosis

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8
Q

Cell excretes

A

Exocytosis

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9
Q

Thymus

A

Produces T-Cells
Less active in adults
T lymphocytes become immunocompetent

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10
Q

Spleen

A

Filters blood and lymph removing RBC and platelets

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11
Q

Lymph

A

System network of fluid, nodes, and vessels

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12
Q

Which 2 types of cells have “memory”

A

B and T cells

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13
Q

Humoral Response

A

Antigen enters -> B cell antibodies in blood -> Neutralize or marked antigen -> Natural killers destruct antigen

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14
Q

Innate Immune Response

A

1st Layer = skin, mucus membrane
2nd Layer = Cellular and Chemical

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15
Q

Chemical mediators cause what?

A

Chemotaxis (movement of organisms based on chemical reactions)

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16
Q

What does the Innate Immune response inhibit physically and for how long?

A

Muscle strength (2-4 weeks)
Aerobic Capacity (up to 3 months)

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17
Q

Adaptive Immune Response is used in the making of what?

A

Vaccines

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18
Q

Adaptive Immune Response

A

3rd Line of Defense
B cells produce antibodies specific to the antigen
Antibodies cure phagocytes
B-cells remember antigens
T-cells regulate B-cell activity

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19
Q

Moderate exercise does what to immune system function

A

decreases

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20
Q

3 reasons for sustained depression of immune system

A

Intense exersice
Lack of Recovery
Long-Duration activity

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21
Q

Risk of Infection

A

High in Inactive people
High in Elite competitors
Lower in Medium Workload group

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22
Q

Difference between nonprescription and prescription drugs

A

Potential for adverse events, interactions, or a identified timeframe is common with prescription drugs

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23
Q

Explain the parts of the Kinetic Concentration Curve

A

Onset Time - Time it takes for the drug to reach the MEC
MEC - Minimal Effective Concentration aka the minimum concentration of the drug in the system needed for the body to feel the effects
Therapeutic Range - Range between the MEC and MTC that provides a therapeutic effect for the body
MTC - Minimal Toxic Concentration aka the minimum concentration of the drug in the system needed for it to become toxic to the body

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24
Q

Molecular site where produces biological effect

A

Site of Action

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25
Measure of metabolism and excretion
Clearance rate
26
Amount absorbed and rate or absorption
Bioavailability
27
Amount and rate of enter is the same
Bioequivalence
28
Drugs that more readily dissolve in the GI tract and are excreted by the kidney faster are known as
Water Soluble
29
Drugs that more easily cross membrane and are easier to enter the CNS are known as
Lipid Soluble
30
If drug isn't strong enough to bind to albumin
Travel time or effect time will be affected
31
Medication that activates once it enters the body
Prodrug
32
Exercise effect on drugs
If you are not hydrated, less distribution of the drug
33
Pharmacodynamics
The study on the effect of drugs on the body both biochemically and physiologically
34
The study of parameters that determine the most appropriate therapy
Therapeutics
35
When taking 2 drugs, they help the same amount
Additive effect
36
When taking 2 drugs, you increase the overall effect
Synergistic effect
37
When taking 2 drugs at the same time, they reduce the overall effect
Antagonistic effect
38
If the key is the drug, what is the lock
Drug receptor
39
Most common B2 agonist
Albuterol
40
Primary effect of Albuterol
Increase HR and BP, Blood glucose increase
41
Secondary effect of Albuterol
Bronchodilation
42
Drug taken by people who have high BP and HR, lowers fight or flight, decreases blood glucose
B-Blocker
43
What are the things on a drug sign out sheet that should be listed
Name, Date, Lot Number, Time, Drug Given, Amount Given, Reason Given, Signature of ATC
44
Administering Drugs
Meds given to the patient that is consumed within 24 hrs. A dose intended as a 1-time treatment
45
Dispensing Drugs
Meds for more than 24-hr period and includes the interpretation of the prescription order
46
Ibuprofen
Category - NSAID Typical dosage - 200 mg tablets (400mg every 6-8 hrs) 800 mg = prescription dose aka Advil, Motrin, etc
47
Acetaminophen
Category - Analgesic Typical dosage - 650 mg every 4-6 hrs No more than 4 g/day
48
Naproxen sodium
Category - NSAID Typical Dosage - 250-500 mg every 12 hrs aka Aleve
49
Aspirin
Category - NSAID Typical Dosage - 80 - 1000 mg every 4 hrs
50
Guaifenesin
Category - Mucolytic Typical Dosage - 200 - 1200 mg Main med in Mucinex
51
Dextromethorphan
Category - Antitussive Typical Dosage - 5-15 mg every 2 hr or as needed
52
Diphenhydramine
Category - Antihistamine Typical Dosage - 10 -50 mg every 4-6 hrs aka Benedryl
53
Phenylephrine
Category - Decongestant Typical Dosage - 5 - 10 mg FDA says no workey
54
Pseudoephedrine
Category - Decongestant Typical Dosage - 60 mg every 4-6 hr
55
Pathway of Blood to the Heart
SVC - RA - RV - PA - Lungs - LA - LV - AO - Body
56
Top 3 causes of SCD
HCM, Anomalous CA, and Myocarditis
57
How long can T Cells and B Cells live for?
Years
58
Why is blood doping bad?
Coagulates blood causing clotting
59
Pathogenesis of Sickle Cell
Presence of Sickle cell leads to low o2 tension distorting the shape of a RBC. Since this cell cannot carry as much O2, it stiffens causing hemolysis. This leads to cramping sensations, logjammed blood vessels, and explosive rhabdo. From this, people experience Acute Renal Failure (ARF) leading to more potassium (K+) in the blood stream causing an arrhythmia and eventually a heart attack.
60
Hematocrit
The percentage by volume of red cells in your blood
61
Condition marked by hypertrophy of the heart, increased cardiac output, and common in endurance athletes
Athletic Heart
62
CAA High Risk Site
Where coronary artery makes an acute bend and runs between pulmonary artery and aorta
63
CAA Most Common Site
Left coronary artery arising from right sinus of Valsalva
64
CAA Right Side
Right coronary artery arising from left sinus of Valsalva
65
Wolfe-Parkinson White (WPW)
Found during delta wave of an EKG, curative with catheter ablation, recommended all athletes need cardiology eval/EP study and can return to all competitive sports after ablation
66
Would you give someone with Von Willebrand Factor blood clot meds?
No
67
Electrical Conduction of the heart
SA Node -> AV Node -> Bundle of His -> R and L bundle branches -> Purkinje fibers
68
What substance does the liver produce in the Renin-Angiotensin-aldosterone system?
Angiotensinogen
69
What does Angiotensinogen turn into and with help from what?
Angiotensin 1, Renin from the kidney
70
What does angiotensin 1 turn into with help from what?
Angiotensin 2, ACE (Angiotensin Converter Enzyme) from the lungs
71
What are 3 responses caused by Angiotensin 2
Increase in Sympathetic Activity Arteriolar vasoconstriction leading to an increase in BP Increase in Pituitary gland activity leading to ADH secretion, leading to H2O reabsorption
72
If I take an Angiotensin 2 blocker (ARBY), what happens?
Sympathetic Activity decreases No vasoconstriction No water reabsorption
73
If I take an ACE inhibitor, what happens?
Angiotensin 1 doesn't turn into Angiotensin 2, leading to no downstream effects
74
What hematocrit levels signal anemia in males and females?
41% in males, 37% in females
75
Medication that stops blood cells from sticking together
Antiplatelet
76
Medication that lowers cholesterol
Statins
77
Medications that dilate your blood vessels
Nitrates
78
Can taking a statin increase the odds of a rhabdo event during general exercise?
Yes
79
What type of conditions are electrical channel blockers used for
Arrhythmias
80
Arterial blood
PCO2 - 40 mmHg PO2 - 100 mmHg
81
Venous blood
PCO2 - 46 mmHg PO2 - 40 mmHg
82
Ambient Air
PCO2 - 0.2 mmHg PO2 - 160 mmHg
83
What inflammatory mediators are involved with a cold
PGE, LTs, and kinins
84
Explain the procedure of allergies on a cell level from Sensitization to clinical effects
Once we first experience an allergen, we make antibodies on our B-cells, we do not experience any major symptoms. From this we arm Mast cells with these receptors so next time when antigen is present, our body sounds the alarm to release mediators causing anaphylaxis, asthma, and hay fever.
85
SABA and LABA
Short Acting Beta Agonist Long Acting Beta Agonist
86
Steps of Management for Asthma
1. SABA prn 2. Low-dose ICS 3. Low-dose ICS + LABA or Med-dose ICS 4. Med-dose ICS + LABA 5. Hi-dose ICS + LABA (maybe allergy meds as well) 6. Hi-dose ICS + LABA + Allergy meds Step down if controlled for more than 3 months

Primary Care (2 decks)

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