Exam 1 Flashcards
primary muscle of respiration
diaphragm
direction diaphragm moves for inhalation
down
secondary muscles of respiration
intercostals, rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, tranversus abdominus
longer phase: inhalation or exhalation
exhalation
percentages between inhalation and exhalation
50/50
percentages of inhalation and exhalation when speaking
10/90
the volume of air inspired and expired when relaxed
tidal volume
air the remains in the lungs after maximum exhalation
residual volume
fraction of total lung capacity is left of the residual air
1/4
amount of air that that can be inspired after maximum expiration
vital capacity
only bone in the laryngeal area
hyoid
largest cartilage in the layrnx
thyroid
three layers of closure/folds
aryepiglottic, ventricular, true folds
cartilages the true folds connect to
thyroid and arytenoids
closed folds are
adducted
open folds are
abducted
pitch is aka
frequency
average male speaking frequency
120 Hz
average female speaking frequency
220 Hz
loudness is aka
intensity
needed to increase intensity
increased subglottic air pressure
all laryngeal muscles innervate by the same nerve except
cricothyroid
nerve that innervates the cricothyroid
superior laryngeal branch of vagus
branch of vagus that runs under the aortic arch
recurrent laryngeal nerve
parts of the resonating cavity
sinuses, oral cavity, pharynx
what closes to produce oral sounds
velopharyngeal wall
could obstruct the velopharyngeal area
enlarged adenoids or tonsils
total deciduous teeth
20
permanent teeth
32
normal occlusion
class 1
open bite
class one malocclusion
overbite
class two malocclusion
underbite
class three malocclusion
3 descriptive features for consonants
place, manner, voice
when adjacent phonemes influence each other
co articulation
organic speech disorders
result from underlying motor/neurological, structural, or sensory/perceptual causes
number of new disorders in a time period
incidence
speech disorders are more prevalent in boys than girls
true
speech production is not associated with at risk literary skills
false
how many speech sounds are there
45
two phonemes that have the same place and manner but not voice
cognates
blends
IDK
clusters
IDK
creator of new norms in 2018
McLoed
4 speech sound disorders
omissions/deletions, substitutions, additions, distortions
sound disorder impacts intelligibility the most
omissions
purpose of the oral mech
evaluates the structure and function of the speech mechanism to asses whether the system is adequate for speech production; includes assessment of dental occlusion and specific tooth deviations, structure of hard and soft palate
components of a speech sample
rate, fluency, phoneme errors, intelligibility, phoneme inventory, voice, volume
purpose of stimulibility
ability to produce sound, cueing when necessary, selecting a target
vertical strategy
targets one or two goals until mastery
cycles
targets based on time not mastery
approach targets in incremental linguistic levels of complexity
traditional vanriper approach
4 processes of speech
respiration, phonation, resonance, articulation
what are the intercostals
muscles between ribs that contract and pull ribs upward and outward when inhaling
must be open to produce nasal sounds
velopharyngeal wall
given occlusion, will the person sound hypo or hyper nasal
hyponasal
functional speech disorders
the motor production of speech sounds and those related the of the linguistic aspects of speech production
articulation disorders
focus of errors in production of individual speech sounds; motor based
phonological disorders
focus on predictable, rule based errors that affect more than one sound; linguistic error
fronting, stopping, final consonant deletion
prevalence
number of children with speech problems in given time period
apraxia
neurological speech sound disorders in which the precision and consistency of speech movements are impaired due to neuromuscular deficits
dysarthria
group of motor speech disorders caused by muscle weakness
assimilation
alteration of consonant; becomes more like surrounding phoneme
cluster reduction
reduce to a singleton; /pen/ for place
which are acquired: sounds or processes
sounds
t/f: the purpose of a screening is to diagnose disorders
false
phonation
rapid opening and closing of the vocal folds for sounds
resonance
quality of voice that results from vibration of sound in the vocal tract
restorative treatment approaches
focus on improving speech intelligibility, naturalness, efficiency
compensatory treatment approaches
focus on improving comprehensibility by increasing speaker’s use of communication strategies, improving listener skills, alternating comm environment; AAC options
