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Speech Disorders > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

primary muscle of respiration

A

diaphragm

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2
Q

direction diaphragm moves for inhalation

A

down

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3
Q

secondary muscles of respiration

A

intercostals, rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, tranversus abdominus

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4
Q

longer phase: inhalation or exhalation

A

exhalation

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5
Q

percentages between inhalation and exhalation

A

50/50

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6
Q

percentages of inhalation and exhalation when speaking

A

10/90

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7
Q

the volume of air inspired and expired when relaxed

A

tidal volume

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8
Q

air the remains in the lungs after maximum exhalation

A

residual volume

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9
Q

fraction of total lung capacity is left of the residual air

A

1/4

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10
Q

amount of air that that can be inspired after maximum expiration

A

vital capacity

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11
Q

only bone in the laryngeal area

A

hyoid

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12
Q

largest cartilage in the layrnx

A

thyroid

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13
Q

three layers of closure/folds

A

aryepiglottic, ventricular, true folds

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14
Q

cartilages the true folds connect to

A

thyroid and arytenoids

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15
Q

closed folds are

A

adducted

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16
Q

open folds are

A

abducted

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17
Q

pitch is aka

A

frequency

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18
Q

average male speaking frequency

A

120 Hz

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19
Q

average female speaking frequency

A

220 Hz

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20
Q

loudness is aka

A

intensity

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21
Q

needed to increase intensity

A

increased subglottic air pressure

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22
Q

all laryngeal muscles innervate by the same nerve except

A

cricothyroid

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23
Q

nerve that innervates the cricothyroid

A

superior laryngeal branch of vagus

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24
Q

branch of vagus that runs under the aortic arch

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

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25
Q

parts of the resonating cavity

A

sinuses, oral cavity, pharynx

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26
Q

what closes to produce oral sounds

A

velopharyngeal wall

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27
Q

could obstruct the velopharyngeal area

A

enlarged adenoids or tonsils

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28
Q

total deciduous teeth

A

20

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29
Q

permanent teeth

A

32

30
Q

normal occlusion

A

class 1

31
Q

open bite

A

class one malocclusion

32
Q

overbite

A

class two malocclusion

33
Q

underbite

A

class three malocclusion

34
Q

3 descriptive features for consonants

A

place, manner, voice

35
Q

when adjacent phonemes influence each other

A

co articulation

36
Q

organic speech disorders

A

result from underlying motor/neurological, structural, or sensory/perceptual causes

37
Q

number of new disorders in a time period

A

incidence

38
Q

speech disorders are more prevalent in boys than girls

A

true

39
Q

speech production is not associated with at risk literary skills

A

false

40
Q

how many speech sounds are there

A

45

41
Q

two phonemes that have the same place and manner but not voice

A

cognates

42
Q

blends

A

IDK

43
Q

clusters

A

IDK

44
Q

creator of new norms in 2018

A

McLoed

45
Q

4 speech sound disorders

A

omissions/deletions, substitutions, additions, distortions

46
Q

sound disorder impacts intelligibility the most

A

omissions

47
Q

purpose of the oral mech

A

evaluates the structure and function of the speech mechanism to asses whether the system is adequate for speech production; includes assessment of dental occlusion and specific tooth deviations, structure of hard and soft palate

48
Q

components of a speech sample

A

rate, fluency, phoneme errors, intelligibility, phoneme inventory, voice, volume

49
Q

purpose of stimulibility

A

ability to produce sound, cueing when necessary, selecting a target

50
Q

vertical strategy

A

targets one or two goals until mastery

51
Q

cycles

A

targets based on time not mastery

52
Q

approach targets in incremental linguistic levels of complexity

A

traditional vanriper approach

53
Q

4 processes of speech

A

respiration, phonation, resonance, articulation

54
Q

what are the intercostals

A

muscles between ribs that contract and pull ribs upward and outward when inhaling

55
Q

must be open to produce nasal sounds

A

velopharyngeal wall

56
Q

given occlusion, will the person sound hypo or hyper nasal

A

hyponasal

57
Q

functional speech disorders

A

the motor production of speech sounds and those related the of the linguistic aspects of speech production

58
Q

articulation disorders

A

focus of errors in production of individual speech sounds; motor based

59
Q

phonological disorders

A

focus on predictable, rule based errors that affect more than one sound; linguistic error
fronting, stopping, final consonant deletion

60
Q

prevalence

A

number of children with speech problems in given time period

61
Q

apraxia

A

neurological speech sound disorders in which the precision and consistency of speech movements are impaired due to neuromuscular deficits

62
Q

dysarthria

A

group of motor speech disorders caused by muscle weakness

63
Q

assimilation

A

alteration of consonant; becomes more like surrounding phoneme

64
Q

cluster reduction

A

reduce to a singleton; /pen/ for place

65
Q

which are acquired: sounds or processes

A

sounds

66
Q

t/f: the purpose of a screening is to diagnose disorders

A

false

67
Q

phonation

A

rapid opening and closing of the vocal folds for sounds

68
Q

resonance

A

quality of voice that results from vibration of sound in the vocal tract

69
Q

restorative treatment approaches

A

focus on improving speech intelligibility, naturalness, efficiency

70
Q

compensatory treatment approaches

A

focus on improving comprehensibility by increasing speaker’s use of communication strategies, improving listener skills, alternating comm environment; AAC options

Speech Disorders (2 decks)

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