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Social Psyc (206) > Exam #1 > Flashcards

Exam #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe what social phycology is and what do social physiologist do.

A

study the behaviors/emotions of people and how they react to situations.

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2
Q

What is the importance of the social situation versus individual characteristics

A

such as personality traits, for determining how we behave can cause someone to react according to the position someone is facing in a group setting vs individual characteristics can influence someone to think differently.

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3
Q

A theory is

A

an explanation to a specific to a single study intended to describe some phenomenon or aspect of the world.

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4
Q

A hypothesis is

A

a general prediction about what will happen under particular circumstances.

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5
Q

Observational research vs research

A

observing behavior vs researching by survey.

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6
Q

Sample vs population sample

A

Sample is a small group population vs population sample is everyone in a big group.

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7
Q

Statistics

A

data only in reference to sample.

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8
Q

Random sample vs convenience

A

Random sample (allows for generalizability) everyone possible of the population equal chance of being recruited vs convenience happens to be convinced.

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9
Q

Correlation is NOT? because…

A

Correlation is not causation that relates to relationships vs experimental research allow for random assignment and it’s the only way to get cause and effect control the IV by random assignment.

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10
Q

Random sampling vs random assignment

A

Random sampling allows you to get a sample that is generalizable to the population vs random assignment allows cause and effect tells you the experimental group are the the control group.

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11
Q

Independent vs dependent variable (IV vs DV)

A

Independent comes first (cause), the dependent variable is the effect meaning its dependent on the manipulation.

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12
Q

Control vs placebo

A

Control is the baseline the standard comparison vs placebo appears to improve health but has no benefit.

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13
Q

External validity vs reliability

A

External validity to which you can determine cause and effect is true, internal validity means more control and more validity. reliability is the consistency and validity is reality.

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14
Q

Self schema

A

has three categories: collective, relational, individual. Our working self concept is our immediate awareness of ourselves.

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15
Q

Reflected self appraisal

A

reflects on independent vs interdependent cultures.

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16
Q

independent vs interdependent cultures

A

Interdependent focuses on more collective and relational aspects, independent focuses on the individual self.

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17
Q

Trait vs state self esteem

A

Trait is a characteristic fundamental about you vs state self esteem is a general mindset.

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18
Q

Downward social comparison

A

boost your self esteem, upward social comparisons promotes growth

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19
Q

Sociometer hypothesis

A

the extent of your self esteem as a gauge to how you feel socially.

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20
Q

Individual cultures

A

have a tendency to think they are better than others.

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21
Q

Independent cultures

A

are most likely to feel better about themselves and admit their greatness vs interdependent just wouldn’t feel the need to share their greatness but feel equally great.

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22
Q

Self serving attributional biases

A

searching for a perspective that only serves your opinion or beliefs.

23
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A

impact of the event as a result of someone’s emotions.

24
Q

Actor observer

A

part of the situation, so you are experiencing perspective.

24
Q

Heuristic

A

the generalization of someone based on stereotypes we have created.

25
Q

Representative heuristic

A

you have a visual template to judge based on self made assumptions.

26
Q

Availability heuristic

A

mentally assessing the probability of an occasion occurring.

27
Q

Primacy effect

A

information that comes early on clouds our judgment for later on analysis.

28
Q

Top down

A

existing snap judgements based on what we believe from previous experiences.

29
Q

Bottom down

A

assessing who someone truly is after much given information.

30
Q

Confirmation bias

A

seeks out biases that back up existing beliefs.

31
Q

Emotions

A

are specific and brief, moods are random and can last long periods of times.

32
Q

Duration neglect

A

is you overall impression of something determined by the peaks and values.

33
Q

Affective forecasting

A

predicting how happy or sad something will make me.

34
Q

Immune neglect

A

failure to believe you can protect and deal with your future emotions based on situational events.

34
Q

hindsight bias

A

People’s tendency after learning about a given outcome to be overconfident about whether they could have predicted that outcome.

35
Q

correlational research

A

Research that involves measuring two or more variables and assessing whether there is a relationship between them.

36
Q

Experimental research

A

research that randomly assigns people to different conditions, or situations, enabling researchers to make strong inferences about why a relationship exists or how different situations affect behavior.

37
Q

third variable

A

A variable, often unmeasured in correlational research, that can be the true explanation for the relationship between two other variables.

38
Q

Self selection

A

In correlational research, the situation in which the participant, rather than the researcher, determines the participant’s level of each variable (for example, how many hours per day they spend playing video games or whether or not they are married), thereby creating the problem that unknown other properties might be responsible for the observed relationship.

39
Q

longitude study

A

A study conducted at different points in time with the same participants.

40
Q

natural experiment

A

A naturally occurring event or phenomenon with somewhat different conditions (e.g., before versus after) that can be compared with almost as much rigor as conditions manipulated by the investigator in an experiment.

41
Q

field experiment

A

An experiment conducted in the real world (not a lab), usually with participants who are not aware that they are in a study of any kind.

42
Q

measurement validity

A

The correlation between a measure and some outcome the measure is supposed to predict.

43
Q

statistical significance

A

A measure of the probability that a given result could have occurred by chance.

44
Q

open science

A

Practices such as sharing data and research materials with anyone in the broader scientific community in an effort to increase the integrity and replicability of scientific research.

45
Q

institutional review board (IRB)

A

A committee that examines research proposals and makes judgments about the ethical appropriateness of the research.

46
Q

informed consent

A

A person’s signed agreement to participate in a procedure or research study after learning all of its relevant aspects.

47
Q

deception research

A

Research in which the participants are misled about the purpose of the research or the meaning of something that is done to them.

48
Q

debriefing

A

In preliminary versions of an experiment, asking participants directly if they understood the instructions, found the setup to be reasonable, and so on. After an experiment, debriefing is used to educate participants about the questions being studied.

49
Q

applied science

A

Science or research concerned with solving important real-world problems.

50
Q

basic science

A

Science or research concerned with trying to understand some phenomenon in its own right, with a view toward using that understanding to build valid theories about the nature of some aspect of the world.

51
Q

intervention

A

An effort to change a person’s behavior.

Social Psyc (206) (2 decks)

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