Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

sociology 101 > Exam #1 > Flashcards

Exam #1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the sociological perspective?

A

the ability to connect basic aspects to bigger ideas and stuff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is sociology?

A

the study of human socitey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what does C. Wright Mills notes about the sociological imagination.

A

“the individual can understand his own experience and gauge his fate.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is a social problem?

A

something that negatively impacts socitey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are examples of a social problem

A

poverty, social deviance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

why do social problems persist

A

inqeuality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is a theory

A

an idea or set of ideas that is intended to explain facts or events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

in what ways do theories differ

A

their perspective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is macro and micro sociology

A

macro sociology seeks to understand local context, while micro is generally concerned with social dynamics, across a society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

why did sociology emerge?

A

social changes from the Industrial Revolution and urbanization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

who is credited with being the founder of sociology

A

auguste comte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

auguste comte divided the study of society into what categories?

A

social statics and social dynamics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what was Emile Durkheim interested in?

A

how society holds together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the four types of suicide?

A

egoistic suicide, altrusitic suicide, anomic suicide and fatalistic suicide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

egoistic suicide

A

results from few ties with others and is motivated by lionleness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

altrusitic suicide

A

occurs when a persons ties to the group are too strong

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

anomic suicide

A

occurs under conditions of low regulation. it is characterized by feelings of anomie where rapid changes make previous moral codes seem irrelevant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

fatalistic suicide

A

occurs when people are overregulated. people feel trapped and immobilized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are social facts

A

aspects of social life that shape our actions as individuals, such as the economy or influence of religion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what does Karl Marx Focus attention to

A

capitalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is means of production

A

it is the tools, resources, and organizations by which the society produces and distributes goods and services.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

according to Marx, what two major classes are present within capitalism

A

bourgeoisie and proletariat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the proletariat

A

the working class, the 99%— being exploited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the bourgeoisie

A

the owners of production, the rich— the owner of means of production, the 1%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

how does Marx define capitalism

A

it is the economic system in which the bourgeoisie owns the means of production and the proletariat must sell its labor to the capitalist in order to survive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

according to marx, what determines your social class

A

your relationship to the bourgeoisie or proletariat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what religious ideas did Max Weber study

A

the protestant ethic and the sprit of capitalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is the protestant ethic

A

the 16th and 17th century protestant belief that a state of grace or salvation is assured if people work diligently and life ascetically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

other worldly orientation

A

directs peoples attention away from this world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

inner worldly orientation

A

directs peoples attention toward this world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

According to Weber, what is verstehen

A

the german word for understanding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what did Weber argue

A

that the protestant reformation laid the groundwork for capitalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

structural functionalism

A

that instituisons, norms, traditions all work together to make socitey stable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

the Conflict Perspective

A

a beleif by karl marx that says the different groups have to compete for resources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

symbolic Interactionism

A

how people attach meanings to their own and other people’s actions

36
Q

what is culture

A

the values, beliefs, behavior, and material that together form people’s way of life.

37
Q

why is culture important?

A

orchestrates human action, serves as the basis of communication and see serves a social control function

38
Q

what is culture made up of

A

everything but nature (humans-nature)

39
Q

material culture

A

everything that is part of our constructed, physical enviroment, including technolgy

40
Q

non material culture

A

values, beliefs, behaviors and social norms

41
Q

how is culture transmitted?

A

by people introducing culture to new communities

42
Q

what is a community?

A

a group of people with a common characteristic or interest living together within a larger society

43
Q

types of community

A

rural and urban

44
Q

what are norms?

A

norms are values that tell us how to behave

45
Q

what is the primary method used to enforce folkways?

A

law enforcement

46
Q

what are values?

A

moral beleifs

47
Q

what do values provide us with?

A

equal opportunities

48
Q

whats the relationship between values and norms?

A

values are moral beliefs while norms are how values are put into play

49
Q

what are symbols

A

something that carries meaning to a culture

50
Q

what is ethnocentrism

A

racism but with cultures

51
Q

cultural relativism

A

realizing the differences in different cultures without judging

52
Q

what is the difference between ethnocentrism and cultural relativism

A

ethnocentrism judges and cultural relativism doesnt

53
Q

what is social structure?

A

social structures in sociology are the relationships or interactions between groups of different people in a society.

54
Q

how is social structure observed?

A

by subculture

55
Q

what are some examples of social structure?

A

interactions, language, norms, values

56
Q

ascribed status

A

a status int which one is born; like if taylor and travis had a kid

57
Q

achieved status

A

a status in which one enters; taylor earned her status in music

58
Q

master status

A

one status within a set that stands out or overrides all others

59
Q

role performance

A

the way individuals carry out their roles and responsibilities within a society or a specific social setting

60
Q

what are the social expectations linked to status

A

anticipated behaviors, privileges, and responsibilities associated with a person’s position in society

61
Q

what are groups

A

individuals who interact with each other, share common interests, goals, or characteristics

62
Q

what are aggregates

A

individuals who are in the same place at the same time but do not necessarily interact or share a common identity.

63
Q

what are categories

A

share a common characteristic or trait

64
Q

what are social groups

A

individuals who interact with one another, share common interests or characteristics, and form a sense of unity or identity.

65
Q

What is the difference between aggregates, categories, social groups?

A

aggregates are in the same place, categories are just categorized and social have a sense of identity

66
Q

what is social instiution?

A

different positions that work together to perform a social role

67
Q

what is stratisfication

A

the heriarchal organization of a socitey into groups with different levels of power, social status.

68
Q

how does marx define social class?

A

the relationship to the means of production within a capitalist society.

69
Q

what is max webers definition of social class?

A

that. capitalism exist because of the protestant reformation

70
Q

what does weber argue when studying social class?

A

weber said that the protestant refremation laid the groundwork for capitalism

71
Q

poverty

A

a lack of everything..period

72
Q

absolute poverty

A

like really poor. really. really poor. OR when a households income falls below the necessity to buy food to physically sustain family members

73
Q

relative poverty

A

a measurement of poverty based on meidan income in a given location

74
Q

who are the poor?

A

refers to individuals or groups who lack sufficient financial resources to meet their basic needs

75
Q

whats the difference between relative poverty and absloute poverty?

A

realtive poverty depends where you live and what your income is while in absolute poverty you fell into that range

76
Q

what is the face of poverty in America?

A

in the U.S, 42 million people live in poverty, and more than 42 million persons classified as living in poverty, most are children, disabled persons, and the elderly

77
Q

what criteria are used in society to rank and classify individuals

A

caste and class

78
Q

What is the difference between the caste and class system

A

the caste system is religious based while class system is economically based

79
Q

how do systems of social stratification influence one’s life chances

A

if you’re higher up on the heriarchy, you’re more likely to getting beter advantages, better healthcare, education ect

80
Q

What central values influence our perceptions of the poor

A

not having enough money to meet basic needs including food, clothing and shelter

81
Q

what observations can you make about each of the central values in poverty?

A

that they don’t work or they are unwilling to work

82
Q

how early do protestants’ ideas contribute to poverty values?

A

if you work hard, you’ll get good things, and if you don’t work hard you won’t receive good things

83
Q

feminization of poverty

A

when women experience higher poverty rates than men

84
Q

what do sociologists say about explanations of poverty that focus on the individual

A

that their lazy and don’t wanna work

85
Q

how is social stratification explained by structural functionalists and conflict
theorists

A

structural functionalists believe social stratification is seen as a necessary and conflict theorists believe Social stratification causes power struggles and conflicts between different social groups.

sociology 101 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions