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Structure > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

Exam 1

1
Q

Strike and Dip using (180, 60)

A

180/60 W

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2
Q

Strike Definition

A

Azimuth of an imaginary line that lies in the plane of a surface and is everywhere at the same elevation.

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3
Q

Dip Definition

A

Steepest angle of inclination in the plane, always orthogonal

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4
Q

Rake Definition

A

Orientation of a line that lies in a plane

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5
Q

Plunge Definition

A

Vertical inclination, measured as an angle downward from the horizontal

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6
Q

Pole Definition

A

Orientation of a line drawn at right angles to the plane

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7
Q

Trend Definition

A

Horizontal direction of the strike, direction of plunge

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8
Q

Anticline

A

Oldest rocks towards the interior

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9
Q

Syncline

A

Youngest rocks near the center

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10
Q

Antiform

A

Upward closing, limbs dip away from the hinge

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11
Q

Synform

A

Downward closing, limbs dip towards the hinge

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12
Q

Stereonet

A

Spherical projection. Not for location data, for orientation data.

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13
Q

Beta plot

A

Strike and dip

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14
Q

Pi plot

A

Poles for strike and dip

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15
Q

Interlimb Angle

A

It is the angle subtended by the tangents at two adjacent inflection points, which may reflect the intensity of compression.

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16
Q

Class 1 Fold

A

Thinner hinge and thicker limbs, inner < outer.

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17
Q

Class 2 Fold

A

Thicker hinge, thinner limbs. Inner = outer.

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18
Q

Class 3 Fold

A

Thickest hinge, thinnest limbs. Inner > outer.

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19
Q

Buckling

A

Response to compression in direction parallel to layering. Strong contrast in material properties between layers. Competent layer in weak matrix is shortened parallel to the length of the layer.

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20
Q

Chevron

A

Lower temperature, compressional. A structural feature characterized by repeated well behaved folded beds with straight limbs and sharp hinges. Well developed, these folds develop repeated set of v-shaped beds. 120, symmetric.

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21
Q

Kink

A

Tabular fold-zones resulting from the operation of a shear couple and commonly occur as conjugate sets, usually developing late in the structural history of orogenic systems. 60, asymmetric.

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22
Q

Shear

A

Layering does not contribute to compression of the fold, structure is from shear folding. Typically class 2 and parasitic folding.

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23
Q

Bending

A

Externally applied load, monoclinic.

24
Q

Unconformity

A

Put simply, an unconformity is a break in time in an otherwise continuous rock record

25
Q

Disconformity

A

a break in a sedimentary sequence which does not involve a difference of inclination between the strata on each side of the break.

26
Q

Nonconformity

A

Nonconformities are unconformities that separate igneous or metamorphic rocks from overlying sedimentary rock

27
Q

Hinge

A

The hinge of an anticline refers to the location where the curvature is greatest, also called the crest

28
Q

Crest point

A

Highest point of antiform

29
Q

Crest line

A

A line on a folded layer which is common to and links the highest points on that layer.

30
Q

Trough Point

A

Lowest point on a synform

31
Q

Trough line

A

The line occupying the lowest part of the fold

32
Q

Plunging Fold

A

A fold that is tilted downwards in space, parallel to the fold hinge plane.

33
Q

Overturned

A

has the axial plane inclined to such an extent that the strata on one limb are overturned

34
Q

Basin and Dome

A

Domes and basins are structures with approximately circular or slightly elongate, closed outcrop patterns. Domes are convex upward; basins are concave upward.

35
Q

Disharmonic

A

A fold which exhibits sharp changes in its geometric properties (i.e. wavelength, symmetry, and shape) when compared with other folds in adjacent layers.

36
Q

Harmonic

A

A fold which maintains its geometric form, integral wavelength, and symmetry throughout a sequence of layers.

37
Q

Parasitic

A

Typical structures in geological multilayer folds; they are characterized by a small wavelength and are situated within folds with larger wavelength.

38
Q

Category: Gentle

A

Interlimb Angle: 180-170

39
Q

Category: Open

A

Interlimb Angle: 170-90

40
Q

Category: Tight

A

Interlimb Angle: 90-10

41
Q

Category: Isoclinal

A

Interlimb Angle: 10-0

42
Q

Category: Fan

A

Interlimb Angle: <0

43
Q

Subhorizontal

A

Hinge Line Plunge: 0-10

44
Q

Gently Plunging

A

Hinge Line Plunge: 10-30

45
Q

Moderately Plunging

A

Hinge Line Plunge: 30-60

46
Q

Steeply Plunging

A

Hinge Line Plunge: 60-80

47
Q

Subvertical

A

Hinge Line Plunge: 80-90

48
Q

Upright

A

Axial Surface Dip: 90-80

49
Q

Steeply Inclined

A

Axial Surface Dip: 80-60

50
Q

Moderately Inclined

A

Axial Surface Dip: 60-30

51
Q

Gently Inclined

A

Axial Surface Dip: 30-10

52
Q

Recumbant

A

Axial Surface Dip: 10-0 A recumbent fold has an essentially horizontal axial plane.

53
Q

Axial Surface

A

The imaginary surface bisecting the limbs of the fold.

54
Q

Hinge Line

A

Where limbs of the folds meet.

55
Q

Cylindrical Fold

A

Can be traced by a single line with a consistent trend-plunge

56
Q

Non-cylindrical

A

The hinge lines, inflection lines, trough lines and crest lines may be curved and irregular.

Structure (4 decks)

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