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Structure > Big 10 > Flashcards

Big 10 Flashcards

1
Q

1st

A

Quartz, SiO2, Hexagonal

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2
Q

2nd

A

Orthoclase, KAlSi3O8 Monoclinic

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3
Q

3rd

A

Albite NaAlSi3O8 Mono/Tri

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4
Q

4th

A

Anorthite, CaAlSi3O8 Triclinic

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5
Q

5th

A

Muscovite KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2, Monoclinic

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6
Q

6th

A

Biotite K(Mg,Fe)3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2, Monoclinic

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7
Q

7th

A

Amphibole (Ca,Mg,Fe)7(Si8O22)(OH)2 Monoclinic

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8
Q

8th

A

Pyroxenes (Ca,Mg,Fe)2Si2O6 Ortho/Mono

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9
Q

9th

A

Olivines (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 Ortho

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10
Q

10th

A

Calcite CaCO3 Hexagonal

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11
Q

Cycloslilicate

A

ring silicate, have linked tetrahedra with (SixO3x)2x− or a ratio of 1:3. ex: Beryl

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12
Q

What is a mineral?

A

Naturally occurring, solid at ambient temperature, represented by a chemical formula, and a fixed crystal structure

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13
Q

Haldies

A

ex: Halite, Flourite

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14
Q

Carbonates

A

ex: Calcite

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15
Q

Gemstone

A

Any non-metallic mineral or other natural material that can be cut & polished for use in jewelry or related products.

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16
Q

Indices of Refraction

A

The index of refraction, n, is the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum, c, to the speed of light in a medium, c

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17
Q

Isotropic

A

have the same chemical bonding in every direction, and consequently have the same refractive index in every direction.

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18
Q

Anisotropic

A

Anisotropic minerals have different chemical bonds in different directions and consequently have different refractive indices in different directions.

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19
Q

Inosilicates (single)

A

single chain- This class is characterized by its one-dimensional chains and bands created by the linkage of SiO4 tetrahedrons. Single chains may be formed by the sharing of two oxygen atoms from each tetrahedron,1:3 ex:pyroxene

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20
Q

Inosilicates (double)

A

Double chain- Two such chains that are aligned side by side with alternate tetrahedrons sharing an additional oxygen atom form bands of double chains. 4:11 ex:amphibole

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21
Q

phylosilicates

A

Sheet silicate- minerals characterised by infinite sheets of silicate tetrahedra 2:5 ex: mica

22
Q

tectosilicates

A

Framework silicate- Almost 75 percent of Earth’s crust is composed of minerals with the three-dimensional framework of the tectosilicates. All oxygen atoms of the SiO4 tetrahedrons of members of this class are shared with nearby tetrahedrons, creating a strongly bound structure with an Si:O ratio of 1:2. Feldspars

23
Q

Neosilicate

A

Isolated tetrahedron 1:2

24
Q

Mohs’ Hardness scale

A

Talc, gypsum, calcite, flourite, apatite, orthoclase, quartz, topaz, corundum, diamond

25
Q

pleochroism

A

the term used to describe the color variation for destructive interference with the polarization direction of the light, which depends on the orientation of the material in the light path and is a characteristic of anisotropic materials only.

26
Q

sulfides

A

ex: galena

27
Q

sorosilicate

A

These minerals contain sets of two SiO4 tetrahedrons joined by one shared apical oxygen. A silicon-to-oxygen ratio of 2:7 ex: epidote.

28
Q

Feldspar Types

A

K (orthoclase), Na (albite), and Ca (anorthite). Na and Ca fall under Plagioclase

29
Q

Hematite

A

Fe2O3 Hexagonal

30
Q

Magnetite

A

Fe3O4 Isometric

31
Q

Ilmenite

A

FeTiO3 Hexagonal

32
Q

Rutile

A

TiO2 Tetragonal

33
Q

Corundum

A

Al2O3 Hexagonal

34
Q

Periclase

A

MgO Isometric

35
Q

Cassiterite

A

SnO2 Tetragonal

36
Q

Cuprite

A

Cu2O Isometric

37
Q

Pyrolusite

A

MnO2 Tetragonal

38
Q

Chromite

A

FeCr2O4 Isometric

39
Q

Pyrite

A

FeS2 Isometric

40
Q

Chalcopyrite

A

CuFeS2 Tetragonal

41
Q

Chalcocite

A

Cu2S Monoclinic

42
Q

Galena

A

PbS Isometric

43
Q

Sphalerite

A

ZnS Isometric

44
Q

Pyrrhotite

A

Fe1-xS Monoclinic

45
Q

Molybdenite

A

MoS2 Hexagonal

46
Q

Pentlandite

A

FeNi9S9 Isometric

47
Q

Cinnabar

48
Q

Argentite

A

Ag2S Orthorhombic

49
Q

Clinopyroxene

50
Q

Orthopyroxene

Structure (4 decks)

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