Exam 1 Flashcards
Define group hate
the hostility people harbor from having working in groups
Name five myths of communication
communication is a cure all, communication can break down, effective communication is merely skill building, effective communication is common sense, 93% of meaning is nonverbal
Communication is a cure all
dependent on group members and their personalities. some people are quick some slow. listening is important
communication can break down
can be demonstrated through acts not just words. humans never stop communicating
effective communication is merely skill building
without having context or awareness, no amount of skill will help
effective communication is just common sense
we need to be able to recognize that everyone is different
93% of meaning is nonverbal
body language and facial expressions
Communication defined
transactional (benefits), messages have content and relationship dimensions, communication is a continuous flow, communication makes sense, verbal and nonverbal dimensions
Why is it important to consider communication as a process
communication is never standstill, people have feelings and triggers. a butterfly effect will occur.
Nonverbal communication types
kinesics, proxemics, chronemics, paralanguage
kinesics
body language
proxemics
what space communicates
chronemics
time
paralanguage
tone, the way one speaks
When do mixed messages occur
when there is a positive verbal and negative nonverbal communication or vice versa
Steps to achieve communication competence
knowledge, communication skill, sensitivity, commitments, participant/observer, ethics
knowledge
learning rules and understanding what is required to be appropriate in communication
communication skill
successful performance of communication behavior
sensitivity
receptive accuracy whereby you can detect, decode, and comprehend signals and emotional cues
participant/observer
considers it a personal responsibility to make necessary effort to interact with group members as effectively as possible
ethics
system for judging the moral correctness of human behavior by weighing that behavior against an agreed upon set of standards
Group
human communication system composed of three or more individual interacting for the achievement of common goals
aggregation
mere collection of individuals
interpersonal communication
communication between only two individuals
dyadic
two person transaction
individualism
focused on self
collectivism
focused on team
Can both verbal and nonverbal be open to interpretation
yes
Communication competence
engaging in communication with others that is both effective and appropriate
effectiveness
goal oriented
appropriatness
following the rules
System
set of interconnected parts working together to form a while in the context of changing the environment with inputs, throughputs and outputs
ripple effect
chain reaction, doesn’t have to be negative
synergy
occurs when group performance from joint action of members exceed expectations based on perceived individual skills and abilities of members
Negative synergy
occurs when group members working together produce a worse result than expected based on perceived individual skills and abilities of members
effects of increasing group size
provide diversity, greater formality, flow of information is more intentional
three ways to achieve synergy
be motivated, group effort, group diversity
appropriate members for quality decision
7-8
appropriate members for quick decision
3-4 members
planning a standard meeting
clarify the purpose, create an agenda, get there first/ expect problems
things to consider when conducting a meeting
type of meeting, time, after meeting
participating in meetings
be prepared, avoid stage hogging, be attentive, recognize diversity, increase participation
Pros of virtual groups
save time/money, instant access, finding place to meet not an issue, meetings can be recorded
cons of virtual groups
distractions disguised as multitasking, lack of nonverbal communication, lack of interpersonal interactions
task dimension
work performed by the group to achieve common goal
social dimesion
relationships that form between members in the group and their impact on the group as a whole
phases of group development
forming, storming, norming, performing
forming
gather members
storming
feeling the tension
norming
regulating the group
performing
group output
why do we join groups
need to belong, establishment of identities, attraction to group goals, attraction to group activities
primary tension
when you first gather in a group, group members may be cautious and hesitant in their communication
secondary tension
the stress and strain that occurs within the group later in its development. having to make decisions and conflicts arising of it
norms
rules that establish standards of appropriate behavior
explicit norms
rules that expressively identify acceptable and unacceptable behavior
implicit norms
rules that are indirectly indicated by patterns of behavior and uniformities of member’s attitudes
conformity
adherence to group norms by members, in this case following the crowd by choosing the wrong answer.
pressure to conform
we want to be liked, we conform to norms because we want to be right
competition
winners take all, others have to fail for an individual to win
cooperation
all are winners, group members work together not against each other
constructive competition
occurs when competition produces positive, enjoyable experience while increasing efforts to achieve without jeopardizing interpersonal relationships
individual achievement
going at it alone, attainment of a personal goal without having to defeat others
hypercompetitiveness
winning is everything. excessive emphasis on defeating others
defensiveness
reaction to a perceived attack on our self concept and self esteem
self justification
providing excuses that absolve us of blame even when no evaluation is offered
description
first person report of how an individual feels, what he or she perceives to be true and what behavior is desired by others
Criticism sandwich
praise, criticize, praise
psychological reactance
the more someone tries to control us by telling us what to do, the less inclined we are to do it
certainty
completely sure or confident with out a doubt, never, always, impossible
provisionalism
qualify statements, avoid absolutes, possibly, probably, may
shift response
when a listener attempts to shift the focus of attention from others to oneself by changing the topic of discussion
support response
cooperative effort by the listener to focus attention on the other person rather than oneself
role
the pattern of expected behavior associated with the parts that we play in groups
role status
relative importance, prestige, or power accorded to each particular role type
task roles
move the group toward the attainment of its goals. task is to extract the maximum productivity from the group
Initiator
contributor
information seeker
poses questions
information giver
answers questions
opinion seeker
looks for others input
clarifier
elaborator
coordinator
keeps group organized
secratary
recorder
facilitator
makes group work easier
devils advocate
prevents group think
maintenance roles
focused on the social dimension of the group. these roles gain and maintain cohesiveness to the group
supporter
encourages
harmonizer
tension reliever
gatekeeper
expediter
self centered/disruptive roles
serves individual needs/goals which impeded the attainment of group goals. attention is on the single individual
stage hog
recognition seeker
isolate
withdraws from the group
clown
horseplay that is not a tension reliever
blocker
opposes everything newf
fighter
starts arguments, bullies
cynic
displays sour outlook, destroys morale
zealot
role conflict
when one finds out slave playing roles in different groups that contradict each other
role flexibility
capacity to recognize the current requirements of the group and then enact the role specific behaviors most appropriate in the given context
role fixation
the acting out of a specific role and that role alone no matter what the situation might require
