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Pt Care 2043 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Should you use barium with patients who have problems with aspiration?

A

no

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2
Q

Why don’t you want to give barium to patients who have problems with aspiration?

A

you don’t want it to go into the lungs because it is an element (a rock)
Use iodine instead

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3
Q

drinking barium contrast is ______

A

semi-invasive

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4
Q

NPO =

A

nothing by mouth

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5
Q

What position should the patient be in for a barium enema?

A

sims

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6
Q

90% of UTIs come from _____ ______

A

bladder infections

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7
Q

what do bladder infections come from?

A

retention of urine

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8
Q

what is the number 1 cause of infection in hospitals?

A

urinary catheters

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9
Q

There are two types of radiographic contrast agents:

A

Positive and Negative

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10
Q
  • decreases organ density to produce contrast
  • two types: carbon dioxide & air
  • complication = injection of air into the blood stream, producing an air embolus.
  • gives a black (like air)
    appearance on an image
A

Negative contrast

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11
Q
  • increases organ density and improves radiographic visualization.
  • creates a density difference such as white or opaque appearance on the image
  • two types: barium & iodinated contrasts
A

Positive contrast

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12
Q
  • most frequently chosen contrast
  • relatively nontoxic;
    however, if there is a
    leakage into the peritoneal
    cavity or blood stream, an
    adverse reaction can occur
A

barium sulfate

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13
Q

Patient Preparation for Studies of the Lower GI Tract:

A

strict diet
a clear liquid diet 24 hours before examination
laxative and cleansing enemas

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14
Q

Patients with what condition require special pre-examination orders and instruction

A

insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

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15
Q

cleansing enemas are always to be ordered by the physician

A

true

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16
Q

can create dehydration

A

Hyperosmolar

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17
Q

can create fluid toxicity

A

Hypo-osmolar

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18
Q

_____ is now the most common modality used in the diagnosis of pathological condition of the lower GI tract

A

CT

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19
Q

A _____ is created by bringing a loop of
bowel to the skin surface of the abdomen

A

stoma

20
Q

Diseases that may require stomas:

A
  • Cancer
  • Diverticulitis
  • Ulcerative colitis
  • Traumatic injuries
21
Q

They are performed to diagnose pathology of the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, and small intestines

A

upper GI tract and small bowel studies

22
Q

considerations for upper GI tract and small bowel studies

A
  • Low residue diet 2 to 3 days prior to
    examination
  • NPO 8 hours before the examination
  • No smoking or chewing gum
  • If perforation or obstruction is suspected, a water-soluble iodinated contrast must be used
23
Q

Approximately ___ oz of barium is ingested
by the patient for an UGI

A

12

24
Q

refers to the insertion of a plastic, silicone, or rubber tube through the urethral meatus into the urinary bladder

A

Catheterization of the urinary bladder

25
Q

___________ is radiography of the bladder

A

Cystography

26
Q

requires a catheter placed at the ureters for a nonfunction radiograph of the kidneys

A

Retrograde pyelogram

27
Q

_______ ______ are catheters from the kidney to the bladder

A

Ureteral stents

28
Q

Catheterization is performed:

A
  • To drain
  • To instill contrast for pathologic findings
  • Post surgery
29
Q

a catheter which is inserted and left in place to allow continuous drainage of urine (most commonly used in radiology)

A

indwelling catheter

30
Q

used to obtain a specimen or to empty the bladder and then removed

A

straight catheter

31
Q

A straight or indwelling catheter
__F or __F for adult female
__F to __F on males

A

14F or 16F
16F to 20F

32
Q

what is in a catheterization kit?

A
  • A straight or indwelling catheter
    (14F or 16F for adult female, 16F
    to 20F on males)
  • A 10-mL syringe filled with saline
    to inflate balloon (for indwelling
    catheter only)
  • Antiseptic solution
  • Cotton balls or Betadine swabs for
    cleansing
  • Water-soluble lubricant
  • A specimen bottle
    A receptacle for draining urine
  • A closed-system drainage set of an indwelling
    catheter
  • Sterile gloves
  • Sterile drapes
  • Sterile forceps
33
Q

has a double lumen with an inflatable balloon at one end. One lumen is attached to the urinary bag and the other lumen is for instilling sterile water into the balloon

A

indwelling

34
Q

single lumen, no balloon

A

straight

35
Q

how long is the female urethra?

A

3-5cm or 1.5-2in

36
Q

how long is the male urethra?

A

14-18cm or 5.5-7in

37
Q

a physician’s order is needed before removing an indwelling catheter

A

true

38
Q

Two common alternative methods of urinary drainage, could be temporary or
permanent:

A

Suprapubic catheter
Condom catheter

39
Q
  • Catheter placed directly into
    bladder through abdominal
    incision. Used after gynecologic
    surgeries, urethral injuries,
    prostatic obstruction, or chronic
    incontinence or bladder control.
  • Reduce risk of infection as a long-
    term method of bladder drainage
    and facilitate normal urination
    after surgery
A

Suprapubic catheter

40
Q
  • Externally applied drainage used for
    males who are susceptible to UTIs or
    are incontinent or comatose.
  • A soft rubber sheath that is placed
    over the penis and secured with
    adhesive material.
  • Changed every 24 to 48 hours
A

Condom catheter

41
Q
  • Done to diagnose pathologic changes in the bladder’s function, such as tumors, trauma, or vesicoureteral reflux due to incompetent ureteral valves
  • Also demonstrates anatomic changes in the bladder floor, the posterior urethrovesical angle, and the angle of the urethra in female patients when stress is applied to the bladder
A

Cystography

42
Q

patient considerations before cystography

A
  • Patient is advised to restrict intake of liquids several hours before the exam.
  • Notification of catheterization is made.
  • Assess the patient for any allergies (iodine and other medications).
  • Pregnancy and UTI are contraindications for exam.
  • Bladder is filled with contrast agent, 200 to 300 mL for an adult and 50 to 100 mL for a child.
43
Q

Occurs in patients who are paralyzed. A stimulus such as a full rectum or an overdistended bladder creates an exaggerated response by the sympathetic nervous system

A

autonomic dysreflexia

44
Q
  • Radiographic technique performed to visualize the proximal ureters and the
    kidneys after injection of an iodinated contrast agent through the ureter. This is done with a scope by a urologist
  • Done to assess obstruction caused by tumors, scarring, or other pathologic conditions.
  • This exam will not show renal function.
A

retrograde pyleogram

45
Q
  • If an obstructed ureter is present, this will be inserted on a temporary or permanent basis.
  • They can be inserted surgically or during a retrograde pyelogram
A

Ureteral Stents

46
Q

Explain the correct order of scheduling radiographic imaging examinations if multiple examinations are ordered.
1. Iodinated contrast studies must be performed before barium studies because the barium would obscure the iodinated contrast.
2. Procedures that require fasting must be done in the morning.
3. When a patient needs both upper and lower GI systems examined with barium the lower GI series should be scheduled first because barium clears quickly from the lower bowel.
4. All exams that do not require contrast media should be scheduled first.
5. Ultrasonography and nuclear medicine procedures must be scheduled before contrast studies, so the contrast doesn’t interfere with these exams.

A

2, 4, 5, 1, 3

Pt Care 2043 (2 decks)

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