Exam 1 Flashcards
What are the 4 fundamental forces of the universe? (strongest to weakest)
strong nuclear, electromagnetic, weak nuclear, gravitational
What are the four states of matter?
solid, liquid, gas, plasma
What is a physical property?
Characteristics of matter that can be observed by using your senses
What is a chemical property?
Description of how one kind of matter behaves in presence of another kind of matter
What is a chemical reaction?
Process that involves rearrangement of molecular/ionic structure of a substance
What are Newton’s 3 Laws of Motion?
- Law of Inertia
- Force = mass x acceleration
- Action-Reaction
What is energy?
Ability to do work or cause change
What does energy produce?
Warmth, light, sound, movement, growth, technology
What are the areas of energy
Function of motion, position within a field, and radiation (vibrations within a field)
Types of energy
Gravitational, stored mechanical, nuclear, chemical, mechanical, electrical, sound, radiant, thermal
How is energy transferred?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed.
Energy will always transfer from high to low.
No energy transfer is 100% efficient.
How do conductors relate to energy transfer?
Substances that conduct heat well. They allow heat.
How do insulators relate to energy transfer?
Substances that don’t conduct heat well. Keeps heat away.
What are the two kinds of nuclear reactions?
Fusion and fission
What is fusion?
Process of combining nuclei of atoms to make different atoms
What is fission?
Process of breaking up the nucleus of an atom
What is a physical change?
Change in which form of matter changes but not its composition
What is a chemical change?
Change in composition of a substance change
What is Newtons 1st law?
Object at rest, stays at rest, in motion stays in motion at constant velocity unless force acts
What is Newtons 2nd law?
Force= mass x acceleration. The unit of force is Newtons (N).
What is Newtons 3rd law?
For every action, there is a force.
Is Earth an open or closed system? Why or why not? (SHORT ANSWER)
Earth is a closed system because it is not gaining or losing matter. The Earth is a constant matter. Energy can enter and exit, but matter can not.
Example of physical property
Density
Example of chemical property
Radioactive
How do you know if a reaction is endothermic or exothermic?
If a reaction releases more energy than it absorbs, its exothermic (negative). If a reaction uses more energy than released its endothermic (positive).
Example of a chemical reaction
Mixing vinegar and baking soda
What is a good insulator?
Wood and plastic
What is a good conductor?
Metals
What is a system? Think of an example and what type of system it is?
System is a group of things that are working together to solve a task or do something. A greenhouse is an example of a stable system
Think about an activity that we’ve done and what you learned from it? What concept was involved?
When we used the cars to see how much force was needed to knock down the blocks. We learned about different energies (gravity, inertia/acceleration) and how force interacts with them in this experiment.
