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Exercise Physiology 2/ exam 2 kin > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Body comp( percent body fat) vs BMI

A

Body Comp: Chemical Model, Anatomical Model, Two Compartment Model

BMI: Body Weight in Kilograms/Height in m^2
Does not account for body composition

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2
Q

Obesity and Physcial Activity

A

Obesity continues to increase

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3
Q

What happened to weight during BRFSS? Throughout the years 2011-2020

A

Individuals becoming more heavy set/ obese thoughout the years

Racial ethinicity differed in weight in these graphs

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4
Q

What are health disparities?

A

preventable differences in the burden of disease injury violence

difference enviorments bring different things

All age groups have health disparities

Kahoot question

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5
Q

RMR - Resting Metabolic rate

A

Bodies metabolic rate throughout day

most adults lie between 60-75%

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6
Q

TEM - Thermal Effect of Meals Check with Linds

A

High Protein Diets

Energy expended to digest and store nutrients

10% of total energy expenditure

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7
Q

TEA - Thermal Effect of Activity

A

Walking to Class

Energy expended to accomplish activities

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8
Q

TDEE - Total Daily Energy Expenditure Check with Linds

A

Will mostly be best way to calculate

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9
Q

Obesity - Etiology Physiological and Lifestyle Factors

A

Physiological - Genetics, Hormonal Imbalance

Lifestyle Factors - Habits, Physical Activity, Diet

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10
Q

Good Cholesteral

A

HDL

Small Dense LDL is okay too

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11
Q

Where are mens fat distribution and womens fat?

A

Obesity men - upper body ANDROID (apple shape)
ANDROID is higher risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and elevated blood lipids

Obesity women - Lower Body GYNOID (Pear Shape)

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12
Q

Adults with higher weight……

A

are at risk for covid-19 and many other sicknesses

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13
Q

Do obese individuals have higher or lower opoid receptors?

Dopamine receptors

WHAT ABOUT NORMAL WEIGHT

A

Opoid- down lower

Dopamine - same

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14
Q

Fitness vs Fatness

Individuals need to do what no matter what body weight they are at

A

Having engagement in exercise

Fitness status is biggest contributor to all cause mortality

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15
Q

Calorie Balance when trying to lose vs gain weight

A

lose - calorie deficit

gain - calorie surplus

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16
Q

Which of these nuclear or mitochondrial dna have more protective tissue?

A

Nuclear

Mitchondrial DNA less protective mechanisms

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17
Q

D257A Mice

A

Mitochondrial DNA damage given to them

Lead to far less healthy lives - aged prematurely

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18
Q

How to protect mitochondrial dna?

A

sleep , nutrition, health

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19
Q

Brown Fat

A

Metablolicaly active fat tissue because of mitchondrial density and capillary density

around spinal cord and brain

Helps produce energy and heat

Has more mitochondria and capillaries that why it is more metabolically active tissue which leads to increase metabolic rate

People that live in colder places will have more brown fat to keep them warm

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20
Q

Type 1 vs Type 2 Diabetes

A
  1. Autoimmune,

Less common,

body destroys pancreatic cells B - Cells (1 in 20) (Administer itself)

  1. Beta cells less respnonsive

Impaired insulin secretion (most likely to take medication to help body metaforman)

Short Term 72 hour effect with exercise changig on our blood glucose

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21
Q

Prediabetes

A

impaired fasting glucose

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22
Q

SIgns of type 1 diabetes

A

Thirst
Weight Loss
Extreme Hunger
Fatigue

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23
Q

SIgns of type 2 diabetes

A

Any type 1 symptom
Vision Changes
Infections
amputation in foot when severe

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24
Q

How to Maintain type 1 and type 2 diabetes

A

Type 1 - Insulin Administration
Diet
Exercise

Type 2 - Weight loss
Diet
Exercise
Metaformin DRUG

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25
Q

Exercise enhances…..

A

inuslin sensativity

muscle contraction mimics insulin action

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26
Q

Obesity increases risk of…..

A

diabetes and cardiovascular diabetes

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27
Q

Exercise Effects of type 2 diabetes….

A
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28
Q

Which of these will play a role in 72 hours with blood glucose control

A

Exercise and physical activity

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29
Q

GLUT4

A

Receptor on outside of muscle cell that allows glucose in cell

Do not always need insulin to be paired with glucose

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30
Q

contraction mediated glucose uptake

A

I will help bring glucose into the cell without insulin

31
Q

HBA1C Test

A

Glucose control of the last three months

32
Q

A1C Test

A

Test Long term blood pressure control Below 5.7% good, Above 6.4% diabetes

33
Q

Fasting Blood Sugar Test

A

Glucose in the current moment

34
Q

Glucose Tolerance Test -3 month

A

Super Gatorade Sugary Drink - over a couple of hours

GRAPH LOOK AT IT

35
Q

Number 1 killer in U.S.

A

Cardiovascular Disease

36
Q

1 in 3 americans have….

A

hypertension (pie graph)

37
Q

Cardiovascular disease is the umbrella term for

A

Coronary Heart Disease
Hypertension
Stroke
Heart Failure
Other

38
Q

Coronary Heart Disease accounts for…..

A

Half of cardiovascular Deaths, which then leads to myocardial infarction
(narrowing of coronary arteries, fatty plaque formation, Atheroscelrosis, Blood supply to myocardium)

39
Q

Atheroscelerosis

A

Begins early in life

Fatty streaks appear in coronary arteries, combination of genetics and lifestyle

40
Q

American Heart Association Guidelines for Hypertension

A

Normal: Less than 120/80 mmHg
Elevated: Systolic between 120-129 and Diastolic less than 80mmHg

If diastolic is elevated above 80 then they are elevated at risk

Hypretensive Crisis: Systolic over 180 mmHg and or diastolic over 120mmHg

41
Q

Atheroscorolsis and high blood pressure are high for heart failure some ways to reduce risk

A

diet excercise sleep

42
Q

Atheroscelorosis

A

Progressive narrowing of the blood vessels 
Hardened Arteries

43
Q

Controlling Factors vs Uncontralable for risk of hypertension or heart disease

A

Controlling:
Weight
Diet
Tobacco
Stress
Physical Inactivity

Uncontrollable:
Family History
Age
Sex
Race

44
Q

C Reactive Protein CRP

A

Measure whole body inflammation

45
Q

Coronary artery Calcium CAC

A

Scan of heart (calcium in arteries)

46
Q

Ankle Brachial Index ABI

A

Blood pressure of ankle and arm (hopefully the same 120/120)

47
Q

VLDL Cholesteral

A

Bad

48
Q

LDL Cholesteral (Low Density)

A

Bad

49
Q

HDL Cholesterol (High Density)

A

Good, too much increase risk of cancer

50
Q

Food Cholesterol does not translate to

A

bad cholesterol

Food Cholesterol =/ Blood Cholesterol

51
Q

Plaque consist of

A

Smooth Muscle, inflammatory Cells

Fibrous Cap (Thick and Thin)

Thin caps = more unstable = easier rupture

Rupture WILL LEAD TO Thrombus Formation

52
Q

Hypertension leads to

A

Poorly Understood Condition

Leads to

Kidney Disease
Adrenal Tumors
Congenital Defect of Aorta

53
Q

________ refers to the differences or inequalities that occur in the provision and access to healthcare.

A

Health Disparities

54
Q

RMR accounts for around ____ % of total daily energy expenditure.

A

60%

55
Q

The term ______ accounts for body size.

A

BMI

56
Q

The term _____ accounts for body composition

A

Body Fat %

57
Q

Which receptors tend to be less abundant in the brains of obese individuals?

A

Opiod

58
Q

_____ is considered a major risk factor for serious COVID-19 complications in people

A

Obesity

59
Q

The D257A mouse has an impaired ability to edit/repair_____.

A

Mitochondrial DNA

60
Q

What does RMR stand for?

A

Resting Metabolic Rate

61
Q

High levels of ______ fat are associated with increased RMR.

A

Brown

62
Q

It is possible for the muscle cell to bring in glucose without the presence of insulin.

A

True

63
Q

This map of the United States looks at occurrence of CVD and Deaths, what does this

A

Obesity Map(s) from the BRFSS

64
Q

What pathology is the number 1 killer within the United States?

A

Cardiovascular Disease

65
Q

What is a Myocardial Infarction

A

Heart Attack

66
Q

Guy’s recent blood pressure readings have been 118/92 - what classification would he be in?

A

Hypertension Stage 2

67
Q

Is hypertension more prevelant in some racial/ethnic groups?

A

True

68
Q

Higher Exercise Intensity….

A

Greater risk reduction

69
Q

Natural GLP-1 Agonist PPT

A

Yerba mate
Berberine
Reservatrol
Cinnamon
Curcumin

70
Q

Normal Pressure = MAP = DBP +1/3 Pulse Pressure

A
71
Q

Coronary Heart Disease Endotheulial Injury

A

High Blood LDL
Smoke
Hypertension
Infections
Increase in plack build up

72
Q

Reducing Hpypertension risk through physical activity

A

Decreasing body fat
Decrease in blood glue close levels
Decreasing insulin

73
Q

Reducing coronary heart disease risk through physical activity

A

Lower blood pressure
Lower LDL
Higher HDL cholesterol
Lower total cholesterol relative to HDL
Decrees information
Increase endothelial function
Increase insulin sensitivity

Exercise Physiology 2/ exam 2 kin (2 decks)

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