Exam 1 Flashcards
Prefixes (Intra, Extra, A, E)
Intra- inside
Extra- outside
A- Without, lacking
E- with
Suffix (ic, itis, ia)
-ic belonging to
-itis, inflammation
-ia, condiiton
Combining Forms (cardio, ortho)
Cardi/o , heart
Arth/o, joint
Eccentric
muscle contraction that moves outward away from center of muscle (lengthening)
Ec- outward
centr/o= dominant part
ic= pertaining to
Concentric
muscle contraction that moves toward (shorterning)
Con= with
centr/o= dominant part
ic= pertaining to
Isometric
Iso= equal
metr/o= measurment
ic= pertaining to
contraction where the measurement of the muscle is equal throughout the contraction (muscle stays same length)
Descriptors of human movement
Bipedal= Bi 2, Pedal feet
Contralateral= Contra pposite, lateral side
Movement development
Cervical rotation
Naval radiation
homologous
homolateral
contralateral CHECK SLIDES WEEK 2
Saggital plane
flexion and extension
specifici joints Dorsiflexiton and plantar flextion
ex; back squat, bicep curl
Frontal plane
abduction and adduction
specific joints = radial deviation and ulnar deviation
lateral raises, side lunge
Transverse
rotation (axial medial, lateral)
forearm pronation and supination
russian twist
Axes and movement
Named axis is parallel to named plane
sagittal plane occurs around the frontal axis
frontal plane in the saggital axis
transverse plane in vertical axis
Basics of human movementi
A joint provides a place that is moveable; a muscle
or it’s tendon must cross over the joint to affect movement at that joint. The muscle has a
proximal attachment and a distal attachment. The joint will have a specific ROM determined by
the bone structure plus soft tissue (ligaments, tendons, muscle, adipose tissue, joint capsule
etc
Statics
Dynamics
static= aspects of nonmoving (posture, alignment, static balance)
Dynamic= aspects of moving body (walking, dynamic balance, kinetics and kinematics
Kinesiology
study of human movement
kinetics
kinematics
kinetics= study of forces on the body to generate or alter motion (gravity, friciton ,pressure) Ex: step onto ice decrease of friction,
Kinematics= analysis of movement in terms of mechanical elements (time, space, mass) EX; step onto ice what posiiton are the leg bones in, where is the center of mass, what speed were you going
Mobility
Stability
Balance
Coordination
mobiliy=capacity for movement
stability= ability to be fixed or supported
balance= even distrubiton of weight around Com
Coordination= organizaiton of anatomical elements
Symmetry
Proportion
symmetry= body parts are equal and opposite on both sides of body
Proportion= body parts correspond to the size of other body parts
Kinetic chain
kinetic chain= series of joints linked by an arrangement of muscles and bones along the pathway of movement
Compensation
the nervous system,
muscles and bones provide balance
when the skeletal structure is not
perfectly proportioned and
symmetrical
Simulataneous
Sequential
simulatenous= whole body moves at same time (jumping jack)
sequential= movement in series of smaller actions (getting up from floor)
Types of connective tissue
bone, cartilage, facial tissues, proper fascia, ligament + tendon
make up of connective tissue
has fibroblasts= build bone that are osteoblasts and build cartilage (chondroblasts)
Has an extracellular matrix with collagen (protein with high tensile strength), elastin (thinner more flexible) and reticular fibers (supports nerve and blood vessels
properties of soft tissue, and what they mean/how we apply them
Stretch- ability to lengthen without being damaged
Elasticity= capacity to recoil to an origina length after being stretched
Plasticity= capacity to be altered and retain configuration
Creep= gradual change in shape that occurs when tissues subject to slow continous force
Thixotropy= responding to changes in temperature or presure by transforming from gel to liquid
Tensile strength= ability to be pulled in two different directions without damage
Piezoelectric effect= applying pressure to tissue creates an electric charge
Colloidal= composed of solid particles suspended in fluid
structural and functional categories of connective tissue
Structures: Liquid (contains blood plasma 90% water, ex: mucus, blood lymph
Loose(small number of fibers large quantity of ground substance ex: superficial fascia just below the skin
Dense: thick closely packed fibers small amounts of ground substance ex: tenons ligaments
Osseus: mineral salts mixed in with ground substance from stiffness
functions;
Two basic functions are compresion (bones cartilage) and tension (fascia, ligaments, tendons)
Types of bone+ wolfs law
long, short, flat , irregular, sesamoid
bone tissue is constantly remodeling, as its put under stress it will thicken and form stronger oseuss matrix, without stress will have excess bone tissue torn down and reabsorbed
Specific qualities, function, composition, and location in our body of the connective tissues we
have discussed
a. Proper fascia
b. Fascial tissues
c. Ligaments
d. Tendons
e. Bone
proper fascia= sheets of connective tissue
Septum= thicker layer of fascia that divides muslces in the extreimitirs
ligaments= bone to bone, fiber direction cross hatched
tendon= muscle to bone, fiber direction is parallel
fascial tissues =general term for bodys sheets, cables conduits , and padding
Joints
Synovial= MOVEMENT diarthrotic.
Hinge= uniaxial no rotation, knee
pivot= uniaxial + rotation atlantoaxial joint
Ellipsoid= biaxial, radiocarpal joint
saddle= biaxial, first carpometacarpal joint
ball and socket= triaxial
gliding= nonaxial, wrist
Joint Mobility + stability
mobility= the range of motion a joint can move through without limitation.
stability= the capacity to withstand displacement (for example: the femur, although round
does not slide off the tibia.
SPrain + strain
sprain= stretch or tear of ligament, cartilage, fascia
strain= stretch or tear of muscle or tendon
