exam 1

Question 1

The three domains of life are ____.

Answer 1

bacteria, archaea, and eukarya

Question 2

which type of cell signaling does not rely on the diffusion of a chemical signal molecule?

Answer 2

juxtacrine (contact-dependent)

Question 3

A ____ is an explanation supported by numerous observations and experiments

Answer 3

theory

Question 4

Translation is the process by which ____

Answer 4

protein is synthesized from RNA

Question 5

Cell movement and cell division require which cytoskeletal protein?

Answer 5

microfilamets

Question 6

in your experiment ___ is the dependent variable while ___ is the independent variable

Answer 6

amino acid transport; insulin dose

Question 7

The R (functional) groups of amino acids exposed to the non-polar region of the phospholipid bilayer of the cell would be ___.

Answer 7

hydrophobic

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct order of the steps in cell signaling?

Answer 8

ligand-receptor interaction, receptor conformation change, response, and termination of response

Question 9

Unsaturated fatty acids __________________.

Answer 9

have at least one carbon-carbon double bond (C=C)

Question 10

When you eat a meal, some of the energy in the food is converted to ATP to be used by your cells to do work, some is stored for later use, and some is released as heat. Thus, energy is neither created nor destroyed which is the definition of _______________.

Answer 10

the first law of thermodynamics

Question 11

Saturated fatty acids _______________________.

Answer 11

have the maximum number of hydrogens

Question 12

What is the constant in your experiment?

Answer 12

time after insulin administration

Question 13

_____________ bonds form between Na+ and Cl-.

Answer 13

ionic

Question 14

The phospholipid bilayer forms a semi-permeable barrier that prevents the movement of ______________.

Answer 14

charged molecules

Question 15

Purine and pyrimidine bases are found in _____________.

Answer 15

nucleic acids

Question 16

unlike animal cells, plant cells have _____.

Answer 16

plasmodesmata and central vacuoles

Question 17

The people _________ are controlling for the simple act of taking something.

Answer 17

receiving the placebo

Question 18

Which order accurately reflects the scientific process?

Answer 18

observation → question → hypothesis formulation → experiment → support or refute hypothesis

Question 19

The R (functional) groups of amino acids exposed on the extracellular surface of the cell would be _____________.

Answer 19

polar

Question 20

Red blood cells will swell and burst if placed in a ______________ solution.

Answer 20

hypotonic

Question 21

molecular motors ___,

Answer 21

transport vesicle along microtubules

Question 22

Heart muscle cells all contract at the same time because they are electrically coupled together with ________.

Answer 22

gap junctions

Question 23

Water evaporation cools surfaces because __________

Answer 23

many H bonds must be broken for water to evaporate

Question 24

Cells can overcome the limits to diffusion imposed by cell size by ___________.

Answer 24

changing their shape

Question 25

which of the following statements is true?

Answer 25

prokaryotes transcribe DNA into RNA in the cytoplasm

Question 26

When you cut your skin, cells that respond to the injury both release and respond to the growth factors they secrete. This is an example of ______________ signaling.

Answer 26

autocrine

Question 27

Carbon-containing atoms are quite diverse because ____________.

Answer 27

adjacent carbon atoms can share electrons and form carbon -carbon double bonds (C=C). carbon atoms can link together to form long chains. carbon atoms can link in a ring with oxygen and multiple C-C bonds

Question 28

The Golgi apparatus performs which of the following functions?

Answer 28

post-translationally modifying proteins and lipids

Question 29

Only proteins with subunits have __ structure

Answer 29

quaternary

Question 30

Which of the following is true?

Answer 30

Variants in a population that are best suited for growth and reproduction are more likely to survive.

Question 31

Integral membrane proteins ___.

Answer 31

have two hydrophilic and one hydrophobic region. all have transmembrane domains. cannot be separated from the membrane

Question 32

At low temperatures, ___ increase membrane fluidity

Answer 32

cholesterol molecules

Question 33

Base pairing in DNA is the result of ___________ bonding between the purine and pyrimidine bases.

Answer 33

hydrogen

Question 34

You are examining pancreatic beta cells using electron microscopy and notice that they have large amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum. This indicates that beta cells are ______________.

Answer 34

making lots of protein

Question 35

The central dogma of molecular biology defines the flow of information is from ___________

Answer 35

DNA which is transcribed into RNA and RNA is then translated into protein

Question 36

active transport ____.

Answer 36

requires the use of energy in the form of ATP, moves solutes from an area of low concentration to high, involves a carrier molecule

Question 37

Which of these correctly lists the three principles of the cell theory?

Answer 37

The cell is the fundamental unit of life, all organisms are made of at least one cell, and all cells come from other cells.

Question 38

What is the test group?

Answer 38

the new drug IW-3718

Question 39

Which of the following statements is TRUE? rephrase

Answer 39

Cholesterol decreases membrane fluidity at warm temperatures.

Question 40

Which portion of the phospholipid molecule is hydrophilic?

Answer 40

the phosphate headgroup

Question 41

In the Fluid Mosaic model, _____________

Answer 41

the phospholipid bilayer gives fluidity to the plasma membrane

Question 42

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Answer 42

Enzymes are protein catalysts that increase the rate of chemical reactions.

Question 43

In water (H2O) molecules hydrogen and oxygen share ____________ unequally to form ______________.

Answer 43

electrons; polar covalent bonds

Question 44

Phospholipids are composed of ___________

Answer 44

a phosphate headgroup, a glycerol backbone, and two fatty acids

Question 45

Which of the following is/are properties of life?

Answer 45

All the above are properties of life.

Question 46

Phospholipid bilayers form semi-permeable membranes that __

Answer 46

allow free diffusion of small molecules but not polar molecules or large molecules

Question 47

What is the control group in this study?

Answer 47

those poeple without GERD

Question 48

The ____________ structure of a protein is the sequence of its amino acids while the ___________ is the three dimensional conformation of the polypeptide chain.

Answer 48

primary; tertiary

Question 49

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Answer 49

Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen