exam 1 Flashcards
what makes up the shoulder?
scapula, clavicle, humerus
what makes up the elbow?
humerus, radius, ulna
what makes up the hip?
femur, pelvis
what makes up the knee?
patella, tibia, fibula, femurha
what makes up the ankle?
talus, tibia, fibula
what are the functions of the skeleton?
Movement, structure, minerals, shape, Support, blood cell production, protection
what are the 4 categories of bones?
long bone, flat bone, short bone, irregular bone
what is a joint?
a connection between two or more bones where movement occurs
types of joints:
synovial - freely moveable, fibrous - immovable/fixed, cartilaginous - slightly moveable
what are tendons?
very strong non elastic cords that join muscle to bone
what is the bursae?
a sac filled with liquid floating inside a jjoint - reduces friction between tendon and bone
what is cartilage?
a tough but flexible tissue prevents bones from causing friction
what is synovial fluid?
liquid that lubricates the joint
what are ligaments?
bands of elastic fibre that keeps joints stable
what is synovial membrane?
lining inside the joint capsule - released synovial fluid
what is a joint capsule
tissue that stops synovial fluid from escaping and holds bones together
what is the agonist?
a muscle that contracts
what is the antagonist?
a muscle that relaxes
what is a ball and socket joint?
can rotate - most moveable joint in the body - shoulder
what is a hinge joint?
can only go towards and back - knee
what is extension?
increase in the angle of bones at the joint
what is flexion?
decrease in the angle of bones at the joint
what is abduction?
movement of bone or limb away from the midline of the body
what is adduction?
movement of the bone or limb towards the midline of the body
what is plantar flexion?
movement of the ankle joint that points the toes - icnreases angle
what is dorsiflexion?
movement of the ankle joint that flexes the foot - decreases angle
what are isotonic contractions?
muscles change in length when it contracts and results in movement
what are isometric contractions?
muslce stays the same length and there is no movement
what is the cardiorespiratory system made up of
the respiratory system and the circulatory system
what is in the circulatory system?
heart, blood vessels, blood
what is in the respiratory system
lungs, airway
what is gas exchange
takes place through diffusion and turns deoxygenated blood to oxygenated blood
what is a spirometer trace?
measures the lung volume
what is the heart rate?
number of times your heart beates in a minutes - bpm
what is the heart beat
one contraction and relaxion of the heart
what is the order of blood flow?
arteries -> capilaries -> veins
one cycle of the _ and _ takes place in the cardiac cycle
one cycle of the diastole and systole takes place in the cardiac cycle
what is diastole?
the phase of the heart beat when the chambers of the heart relax and fill with blood
what is systole
the phase of the ehart beat when the chambers of the heart contract and empty with blood
what is stroke volume?
volume of blood pumped out of the heart by each ventricle during one contraction
what is cardiac output
the volume of blood ejected from the heart in one minute
how do u work out cardiac output (Q)
Q = stroke volume (S) x heart rate (HR)
what is aerobic exercise
excerise in the presence of oxygen, energy is converted from glucose and oxygen
what is the aerobic equation?
glucose + oxygen -> energy + co2 + water
what is anerobic exercise?
exercise without the presence of oxygen, exercise is short in duration - 60s
what is the anaerobic equation?
glucose -> energy + lactic acid
what does epoc stand for
excess post-exercise oxygen consumption
what is epoc
increased oxygyen intake, increased breathing rate, replenishes body with oxygen, converts lactic acid to glucose, co2 and water
