exam 1

Question 1

what makes up the shoulder?

Answer 1

scapula, clavicle, humerus

Question 2

what makes up the elbow?

Answer 2

humerus, radius, ulna

Question 3

what makes up the hip?

Answer 3

femur, pelvis

Question 4

what makes up the knee?

Answer 4

patella, tibia, fibula, femurha

Question 5

what makes up the ankle?

Answer 5

talus, tibia, fibula

Question 6

what are the functions of the skeleton?

Answer 6

Movement, structure, minerals, shape, Support, blood cell production, protection

Question 7

what are the 4 categories of bones?

Answer 7

long bone, flat bone, short bone, irregular bone

Question 8

what is a joint?

Answer 8

a connection between two or more bones where movement occurs

Question 9

types of joints:

Answer 9

synovial - freely moveable, fibrous - immovable/fixed, cartilaginous - slightly moveable

Question 10

what are tendons?

Answer 10

very strong non elastic cords that join muscle to bone

Question 11

what is the bursae?

Answer 11

a sac filled with liquid floating inside a jjoint - reduces friction between tendon and bone

Question 12

what is cartilage?

Answer 12

a tough but flexible tissue prevents bones from causing friction

Question 13

what is synovial fluid?

Answer 13

liquid that lubricates the joint

Question 14

what are ligaments?

Answer 14

bands of elastic fibre that keeps joints stable

Question 15

what is synovial membrane?

Answer 15

lining inside the joint capsule - released synovial fluid

Question 16

what is a joint capsule

Answer 16

tissue that stops synovial fluid from escaping and holds bones together

Question 17

what is the agonist?

Answer 17

a muscle that contracts

Question 18

what is the antagonist?

Answer 18

a muscle that relaxes

Question 19

what is a ball and socket joint?

Answer 19

can rotate - most moveable joint in the body - shoulder

Question 20

what is a hinge joint?

Answer 20

can only go towards and back - knee

Question 21

what is extension?

Answer 21

increase in the angle of bones at the joint

Question 22

what is flexion?

Answer 22

decrease in the angle of bones at the joint

Question 23

what is abduction?

Answer 23

movement of bone or limb away from the midline of the body

Question 24

what is adduction?

Answer 24

movement of the bone or limb towards the midline of the body

Question 25

what is plantar flexion?

Answer 25

movement of the ankle joint that points the toes - icnreases angle

Question 26

what is dorsiflexion?

Answer 26

movement of the ankle joint that flexes the foot - decreases angle

Question 27

what are isotonic contractions?

Answer 27

muscles change in length when it contracts and results in movement

Question 28

what are isometric contractions?

Answer 28

muslce stays the same length and there is no movement

Question 29

what is the cardiorespiratory system made up of

Answer 29

the respiratory system and the circulatory system

Question 30

what is in the circulatory system?

Answer 30

heart, blood vessels, blood

Question 31

what is in the respiratory system

Answer 31

lungs, airway

Question 32

what is gas exchange

Answer 32

takes place through diffusion and turns deoxygenated blood to oxygenated blood

Question 33

what is a spirometer trace?

Answer 33

measures the lung volume

Question 34

what is the heart rate?

Answer 34

number of times your heart beates in a minutes - bpm

Question 35

what is the heart beat

Answer 35

one contraction and relaxion of the heart

Question 36

what is the order of blood flow?

Answer 36

arteries -> capilaries -> veins

Question 37

one cycle of the _ and _ takes place in the cardiac cycle

Answer 37

one cycle of the diastole and systole takes place in the cardiac cycle

Question 38

what is diastole?

Answer 38

the phase of the heart beat when the chambers of the heart relax and fill with blood

Question 39

what is systole

Answer 39

the phase of the ehart beat when the chambers of the heart contract and empty with blood

Question 40

what is stroke volume?

Answer 40

volume of blood pumped out of the heart by each ventricle during one contraction

Question 41

what is cardiac output

Answer 41

the volume of blood ejected from the heart in one minute

Question 42

how do u work out cardiac output (Q)

Answer 42

Q = stroke volume (S) x heart rate (HR)

Question 43

what is aerobic exercise

Answer 43

excerise in the presence of oxygen, energy is converted from glucose and oxygen

Question 44

what is the aerobic equation?

Answer 44

glucose + oxygen -> energy + co2 + water

Question 45

what is anerobic exercise?

Answer 45

exercise without the presence of oxygen, exercise is short in duration - 60s

Question 46

what is the anaerobic equation?

Answer 46

glucose -> energy + lactic acid

Question 47

what does epoc stand for

Answer 47

excess post-exercise oxygen consumption

Question 48

what is epoc

Answer 48

increased oxygyen intake, increased breathing rate, replenishes body with oxygen, converts lactic acid to glucose, co2 and water