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pe exam > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what makes up the shoulder?

A

scapula, clavicle, humerus

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2
Q

what makes up the elbow?

A

humerus, radius, ulna

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3
Q

what makes up the hip?

A

femur, pelvis

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4
Q

what makes up the knee?

A

patella, tibia, fibula, femurha

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5
Q

what makes up the ankle?

A

talus, tibia, fibula

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6
Q

what are the functions of the skeleton?

A

Movement, structure, minerals, shape, Support, blood cell production, protection

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7
Q

what are the 4 categories of bones?

A

long bone, flat bone, short bone, irregular bone

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8
Q

what is a joint?

A

a connection between two or more bones where movement occurs

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9
Q

types of joints:

A

synovial - freely moveable, fibrous - immovable/fixed, cartilaginous - slightly moveable

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10
Q

what are tendons?

A

very strong non elastic cords that join muscle to bone

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11
Q

what is the bursae?

A

a sac filled with liquid floating inside a jjoint - reduces friction between tendon and bone

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12
Q

what is cartilage?

A

a tough but flexible tissue prevents bones from causing friction

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13
Q

what is synovial fluid?

A

liquid that lubricates the joint

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14
Q

what are ligaments?

A

bands of elastic fibre that keeps joints stable

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15
Q

what is synovial membrane?

A

lining inside the joint capsule - released synovial fluid

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16
Q

what is a joint capsule

A

tissue that stops synovial fluid from escaping and holds bones together

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17
Q

what is the agonist?

A

a muscle that contracts

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18
Q

what is the antagonist?

A

a muscle that relaxes

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19
Q

what is a ball and socket joint?

A

can rotate - most moveable joint in the body - shoulder

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20
Q

what is a hinge joint?

A

can only go towards and back - knee

21
Q

what is extension?

A

increase in the angle of bones at the joint

22
Q

what is flexion?

A

decrease in the angle of bones at the joint

23
Q

what is abduction?

A

movement of bone or limb away from the midline of the body

24
Q

what is adduction?

A

movement of the bone or limb towards the midline of the body

25
Q

what is plantar flexion?

A

movement of the ankle joint that points the toes - icnreases angle

26
Q

what is dorsiflexion?

A

movement of the ankle joint that flexes the foot - decreases angle

27
Q

what are isotonic contractions?

A

muscles change in length when it contracts and results in movement

28
Q

what are isometric contractions?

A

muslce stays the same length and there is no movement

29
Q

what is the cardiorespiratory system made up of

A

the respiratory system and the circulatory system

30
Q

what is in the circulatory system?

A

heart, blood vessels, blood

31
Q

what is in the respiratory system

A

lungs, airway

32
Q

what is gas exchange

A

takes place through diffusion and turns deoxygenated blood to oxygenated blood

33
Q

what is a spirometer trace?

A

measures the lung volume

34
Q

what is the heart rate?

A

number of times your heart beates in a minutes - bpm

35
Q

what is the heart beat

A

one contraction and relaxion of the heart

36
Q

what is the order of blood flow?

A

arteries -> capilaries -> veins

37
Q

one cycle of the _ and _ takes place in the cardiac cycle

A

one cycle of the diastole and systole takes place in the cardiac cycle

38
Q

what is diastole?

A

the phase of the heart beat when the chambers of the heart relax and fill with blood

39
Q

what is systole

A

the phase of the ehart beat when the chambers of the heart contract and empty with blood

40
Q

what is stroke volume?

A

volume of blood pumped out of the heart by each ventricle during one contraction

41
Q

what is cardiac output

A

the volume of blood ejected from the heart in one minute

42
Q

how do u work out cardiac output (Q)

A

Q = stroke volume (S) x heart rate (HR)

43
Q

what is aerobic exercise

A

excerise in the presence of oxygen, energy is converted from glucose and oxygen

44
Q

what is the aerobic equation?

A

glucose + oxygen -> energy + co2 + water

45
Q

what is anerobic exercise?

A

exercise without the presence of oxygen, exercise is short in duration - 60s

46
Q

what is the anaerobic equation?

A

glucose -> energy + lactic acid

47
Q

what does epoc stand for

A

excess post-exercise oxygen consumption

48
Q

what is epoc

A

increased oxygyen intake, increased breathing rate, replenishes body with oxygen, converts lactic acid to glucose, co2 and water

pe exam (4 decks)

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