Exam 1

Question 1

What is phonetics?

Answer 1

the study of the speech sounds of a language

Question 2

Articulatory phonetics

Answer 2

physiological phonetics, how speech sounds are made

Question 3

perceptual/auditory phonetics

Answer 3

how speech sounds are precieved by a listener

Question 4

acoustic phonetics

Answer 4

the physics of speech sounds

Question 5

applied/clinical phonetics

Answer 5

dialects and accents, disorders

Question 6

phon

Answer 6

sound, voice, speech

Question 7

what is a phone?

Answer 7

a speech sound that is not speech specific

Question 8

grapheme

Answer 8

a letter or letter combo that represents 1 speech sounds (phoneme)

Question 9

allograph

Answer 9

different letters or letter combos that make the same sound

whO bOO cUE

Question 10

ghoti

Answer 10

fish

Question 11

benefits of IPA

Answer 11

allows us to have a 1 to 1 system for representing symbol to sound

Question 12

is IPA universal?

Answer 12

YES same symbols used to represent all of the worlds languages

Question 13

phoneme

Answer 13

a speech sound that is meaningful in a language

capable of differentiating morphemes

caT vs. caB

Question 14

morpheme

Answer 14

smallest unit of language capable of carrying meaning

Question 15

free morpheme

Answer 15

can stand alone and meaning is understood

ex- book

Question 16

bound morpheme

Answer 16

cannot stand alone

ex-bookS

Question 17

minimal pairs

Answer 17

pair of words that differ by one phoneme, not letter specific

kiss and miss
slap and slat
passed and last

Question 18

allophone

Answer 18

variant production of a phoneme, multiple ways to pronounce a speech sounds

*not capable of creating new word..same meaning no matter how it is pronounced

Pot vs. stoP or sPot

Question 19

allophones with complementary distribution

Answer 19

cannot exchange

ex-pit vs spit

Question 20

allophones with free variation

Answer 20

can be pronounced other ways

“keep”

Keep it up!

The money is yours to keep

Question 21

broad transcription

Answer 21

slash marks

no attempt to capture allophones

Question 22

narrow transcription

Answer 22

brackets

uses brackets and diacritic marking to capture allophonic differences

Question 23

citation form level

Answer 23

transcribing single words in isolation

Question 24

connected speech

Answer 24

transcribing words at an utterance level surrounded by other words

Question 25

3 majors systems

Answer 25

respiratory, laryngeal, supralaryngeal

Question 26

parts of the respiratory system

Answer 26

lungs, trachea, rib cage, chest cavity, diaphragm, abdomen

Question 27

egressive speech

Answer 27

produced with outward flow of air from lungs

Question 28

ingressive speech

Answer 28

inward flow of air from lungs

Question 29

phonation

Answer 29

the vibration of the vocal folds in creation of a voiced sound

Question 30

Glottal pulse

Answer 30

each cycle of vf vibration, number of times it happens per second

Question 31

males Fo

Answer 31

125 cycles per second avg

Question 32

females fo

Answer 32

250

Question 33

baby cry fo

Answer 33

500

Question 34

3 major air cavities of supralaryngeal system

Answer 34

nasal, oral, pharyngeal

Question 35

articulators

Answer 35

lips, teeth, tongue, alveolar ridge, palate, velum, glottis

Question 36

articulation

Answer 36

modification of the airstream by the speech organ in production of spoken language

Question 37

maxilla

Answer 37

upper jaw, supports upper lip

Question 38

mandible

Answer 38

lower jaw, supports lower lip

Question 39

labiodental

Answer 39

bottom lip and upper teeth "f"

Question 40

interdental

Answer 40

tongue to back of upper teeth "think" "this"

Question 41

apex

Answer 41

tip of tongue

Question 42

velum

Answer 42

soft palate

Question 43

velopharyngeal closure

Answer 43

constriction formed by velum and the rear wall of pharynx resulting in diversion or airflow into the oral cavity

Question 44

VP closed

Answer 44

oral airflow

Question 45

VP open

Answer 45

oral and nasal airflow

Question 46

vowels

Answer 46

phonemes that are produced without and constriction or blockage or airflow in VT ALWAYS VOICED

Question 47

4 dimensions of vowels

Answer 47

height advancement lip rounding tension

Question 48

height

Answer 48

high mid low

Question 49

advancement

Answer 49

front center back

Question 50

lip rounding

Answer 50

rounded, retracted

Question 51

tension

Answer 51

tense, lax

Question 52

point vowels

Answer 52

``` "cardinal vowels" extreme vowels (4 corners) ``` i, u, ae, a

Question 53

monophthong

Answer 53

a vowel phoneme consisting of one distinct articulatory element

Question 54

diphthong

Answer 54

a single phoneme consisting of 2 vowel elements cow, bite, boy

Question 55

onglide

Answer 55

first element of a diphthong

Question 56

offglide

Answer 56

second element of a diphthong

Question 57

rhotics

Answer 57

r colored vowels when "r' follows a vowel it affects it "colors" "distorts"