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Phonetics > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is phonetics?

A

the study of the speech sounds of a language

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2
Q

Articulatory phonetics

A

physiological phonetics, how speech sounds are made

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3
Q

perceptual/auditory phonetics

A

how speech sounds are precieved by a listener

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4
Q

acoustic phonetics

A

the physics of speech sounds

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5
Q

applied/clinical phonetics

A

dialects and accents, disorders

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6
Q

phon

A

sound, voice, speech

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7
Q

what is a phone?

A

a speech sound that is not speech specific

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8
Q

grapheme

A

a letter or letter combo that represents 1 speech sounds (phoneme)

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9
Q

allograph

A

different letters or letter combos that make the same sound

whO bOO cUE

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10
Q

ghoti

A

fish

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11
Q

benefits of IPA

A

allows us to have a 1 to 1 system for representing symbol to sound

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12
Q

is IPA universal?

A

YES same symbols used to represent all of the worlds languages

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13
Q

phoneme

A

a speech sound that is meaningful in a language

capable of differentiating morphemes

caT vs. caB

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14
Q

morpheme

A

smallest unit of language capable of carrying meaning

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15
Q

free morpheme

A

can stand alone and meaning is understood

ex- book

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16
Q

bound morpheme

A

cannot stand alone

ex-bookS

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17
Q

minimal pairs

A

pair of words that differ by one phoneme, not letter specific

kiss and miss
slap and slat
passed and last

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18
Q

allophone

A

variant production of a phoneme, multiple ways to pronounce a speech sounds

*not capable of creating new word..same meaning no matter how it is pronounced

Pot vs. stoP or sPot

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19
Q

allophones with complementary distribution

A

cannot exchange

ex-pit vs spit

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20
Q

allophones with free variation

A

can be pronounced other ways

“keep”

Keep it up!

The money is yours to keep

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21
Q

broad transcription

A

slash marks

no attempt to capture allophones

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22
Q

narrow transcription

A

brackets

uses brackets and diacritic marking to capture allophonic differences

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23
Q

citation form level

A

transcribing single words in isolation

24
Q

connected speech

A

transcribing words at an utterance level surrounded by other words

25
Q

3 majors systems

A

respiratory, laryngeal, supralaryngeal

26
Q

parts of the respiratory system

A

lungs, trachea, rib cage, chest cavity, diaphragm, abdomen

27
Q

egressive speech

A

produced with outward flow of air from lungs

28
Q

ingressive speech

A

inward flow of air from lungs

29
Q

phonation

A

the vibration of the vocal folds in creation of a voiced sound

30
Q

Glottal pulse

A

each cycle of vf vibration, number of times it happens per second

31
Q

males Fo

A

125 cycles per second avg

32
Q

females fo

A

250

33
Q

baby cry fo

A

500

34
Q

3 major air cavities of supralaryngeal system

A

nasal, oral, pharyngeal

35
Q

articulators

A

lips, teeth, tongue, alveolar ridge, palate, velum, glottis

36
Q

articulation

A

modification of the airstream by the speech organ in production of spoken language

37
Q

maxilla

A

upper jaw, supports upper lip

38
Q

mandible

A

lower jaw, supports lower lip

39
Q

labiodental

A

bottom lip and upper teeth

“f”

40
Q

interdental

A

tongue to back of upper teeth

“think” “this”

41
Q

apex

A

tip of tongue

42
Q

velum

A

soft palate

43
Q

velopharyngeal closure

A

constriction formed by velum and the rear wall of pharynx resulting in diversion or airflow into the oral cavity

44
Q

VP closed

A

oral airflow

45
Q

VP open

A

oral and nasal airflow

46
Q

vowels

A

phonemes that are produced without and constriction or blockage or airflow in VT

ALWAYS VOICED

47
Q

4 dimensions of vowels

A

height
advancement
lip rounding
tension

48
Q

height

A

high mid low

49
Q

advancement

A

front center back

50
Q

lip rounding

A

rounded, retracted

51
Q

tension

A

tense, lax

52
Q

point vowels

A 
"cardinal vowels"
extreme vowels (4 corners)

i, u, ae, a

53
Q

monophthong

A

a vowel phoneme consisting of one distinct articulatory element

54
Q

diphthong

A

a single phoneme consisting of 2 vowel elements

cow, bite, boy

55
Q

onglide

A

first element of a diphthong

56
Q

offglide

A

second element of a diphthong

57
Q

rhotics

A

r colored vowels

when “r’ follows a vowel it affects it

“colors” “distorts”

Phonetics (7 decks)

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