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Exam #1 Flashcards

1
Q

When is the RV vaccine given and how many doses?

A

2 months, 4 months, 6 months. 3 doses

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2
Q

When is the DTaP vaccine given and how many doses?

A

2,4,6 months, between 15-18 months, and between 4-6 years old. 5 doses

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3
Q

When is the Hib vaccine given and how many doses?

A

2,4,6 and between 12-15 months. 4 doses

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4
Q

When is the PCV13 vaccine given and how many doses?

A

2,4,6 and between 12-15 months. 4 doses

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5
Q

When is IPV vaccine given. and how many doses?

A

2, 4, and between 6-18 months, between 4-6 years 4 doses

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6
Q

When is the influenza shot given?

A

Can be given starting at 6 months. Done yearly

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7
Q

When is the MMR vaccine given and how many doses?

A

Between 12-15 months and 4-6 y/o. 2 doses

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8
Q

When is the varicella vaccine given and how many doses?

A

Between 12-15 months and 4-6 y/o. 2 doses

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9
Q

When is hep a vaccine given?

A

Between 12-23 months

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10
Q

What stage of Erikson’s development is birth to 12-18 months?

A

Trust vs. mistrust

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11
Q

What is the desired outcome of trust vs mistrust?

A

sense of trust and security

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12
Q

What stage of Erikson’s is 18 months to 3 years?

A

Autonomy vs shame and doubt

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13
Q

What is the desired outcome of autonomy vs shame and doubt?

A

Feelings of independence lead to belief in
yourself and your abilities

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14
Q

What stage of Erikson’s is 3 to 5 years?

A

Initiative vs guilt

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15
Q

What is the desired outcome of initiative vs guilt?

A

Self-confidence; the ability to take the
initiative and make decisions

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16
Q

What stage of Erikson’s is 5 to 12 years?

A

Industry vs inferiority

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17
Q

What stage of Erikson’s is 12 to 18 years?

A

identity vs confusion

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17
Q

What is the desired outcome of industry vs inferiority?

A

Feelings of pride and accomplishment

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17
Q

What is the desired outcome of identity vs confusion?

A

a strong sense of identity, strong picture of future

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17
Q

Characteristics of sensorimotor stage?

A

Motor activity without use of
symbols. All things learned are based
on experiences, or trial and error, Object permanence

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17
Q

What stage of Piaget is birth to 18-24 months?

A

sensorimotor

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18
Q

What Piaget stage is 7 to 11 years old?

A

concrete operational

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18
Q

What Piaget stage is 2 to 7 years old?

A

Preoperational

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18
Q

Characteristics of preoperational stage?

A

Development of language, memory,
and imagination. Intelligence is both
egocentric and intuitive, Symbolic
though

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19
Q

Characteristics of the concrete operational stage?

A

More logical and methodical
manipulation of symbols. Less
egocentric, and more aware of the
outside world and events,Operational
though

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20
Q

What Piaget stage is adolesence to adulthood?

A

formal operational

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21
Q

Characteristics of formal operational stage?

A

Use of symbols to relate to abstract
concepts. Able to make hypotheses
and grasp abstract concepts and
relationships, Abstract concept

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22
Q

What is a binuclear family?

A

divorced or separated into two separate families, one headed by each
parent

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23
Q

What is authoritarian parenting style?

A

focused on dominating and control, care more about
obedience than nurturing or protecting their children

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24
Q

What is permissive parenting style?

A

think of their children as equals or friends, kids make their own
rules, parents give them little responsibilities or expectations

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25
Q

What is authoritative parenting style?

A

nurturing, responsive, but still set boundaries and
expectations for their children

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26
Q

What pain scale is used for children 2 months-7 years?

A

FLACC

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27
Q

What does FLACC stand for?

A

Facial Expression
position of Legs
Activity
Crying
ability to be Consoled

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28
Q

What is another common pain scale used in children 3 years and older?

A

FACES. Draws happy faces and sad to depict levels of pain

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29
Q

What are some causes of water depletion/dehydration?

A

Fever
 Vomiting / diarrhea
 Diabetes
 Burn
 Shock
 High output kidney failure
 Phototherapy
 Environmental heat

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30
Q

What are signs/symptoms of water depletion?

A

Weight loss, increased heart rate, Thirst, No tears, Variable temperature, Depressed fontanel in infant,Dry skin and mucous membranes, Poor skin turgor and skin perfusion, Fatigue, lethargy
Diminished urinary output
Altered level of consciousness

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31
Q

What are labs indicative of water depletion/dehydration?

A

 High urine specific gravity
 Increased BUN
 Increased hematocrit
 Increased Sodium (Na)
 Variable serum electrolytes
 Increased serum osmolarity

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32
Q

What is management for dehydration?

A

-oral (if alert and awake): rapid over 4-6 hours (use pedialyte, 1/2 strong gatorade, not clear liquids, no caffeine, no BRAT diet, no juice)
-IV (if unable to ingest enough fluid) to prevent shock
-NPO-spray mouth
-Intraosseous infusion (emergent)
-central venous line

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33
Q

What is active immunity?

A

-exposure to a disease organism triggers the immune system to produce antibodies to that disease.
-long lasting, sometimes lifetime immunity

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34
Q

What is natural immunity?

A

Exposure to the disease organism can occur through
infection with the actual disease

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35
Q

What is vaccine-induced immunity?

A

introduction of a killed or weakened form of the
disease organism through vaccination

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36
Q

what is passive immunity?

A

-Occurs when a person is given antibodies to a disease
rather than producing them through his or her own immune system. A
newborn acquires passive immunity from its mother through the placenta.
Passive immunity can also be obtained through antibody-containing blood
products such as immune globulin, which may be given when immediate
protection from a specific disease is needed. This is a major advantage to
passive immunity; protection is immediate, whereas active immunity takes
time (usually several weeks) to develop. However, passive immunity only
lasts for a few weeks or months.

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37
Q

What is the etiology of cystic fibrosis?

A

-inherited autosmal trait
-diagnosed in infancy and early childhood
-life span increasing >30 years now

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38
Q

What is the patho of cystic fibrosis?

A

-increased viscosity of secretions
-lungs:atelectasis
-clogged pancreatic ducts
-absence of pancreatic enzymes in small intestines (unable to absorb fats and protein)

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39
Q

What are ways to diagnostic cystic fibrosis?

A

-sweat test
-72 hr fecal fat
-chest x-ray
-prenatal DNA of amniotic fluid (most common)

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40
Q

S & S of cystic fibrosis?

A

cough, sputum, dyspnea, decreased Sao2, crackles or wheezes in lungs, cyanosis, digital clubbing, bulky, frothy, foul-smelling stools (steatorrhea), meconium ileus
assess: skin turgor & hydration

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41
Q

Nursing care for CF?

A

-high calorie, high protein foods
-admin pancreatic enzymes with all meals and snacks
-administer fat-soluble vitamins (K,D,E, A)
-avoid pulm treatment after eating to decrease risk of vomiting

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42
Q

Medications for CF?

A

pancreatic enzymes, antibiotics, fat soluble vitamins, mucolytics, bronchodilators

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43
Q

Child and family education for CF?

A

-Avoid exposure to respiratory infections
-Chest percussion and postural drainage
-High-calorie and high protein diet
-Activity and exercise will loosen secretions
-Genetic counseling

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44
Q

Diagnostics for asthma?

A

chest x ray, pulmonary function test

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45
Q

Symptoms of asthma?

A

WHEEZING, dry cough, prolonged expiration, restlessness, fatigue, tachypnea, cyanosis, marked respiratory distress

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46
Q

Nursing care for asthma?

A

-Assess resp status, administer humidified oxygen prn, monitor pulse ox
-maintain IV access, avoid cold liquids
-position high fowlers

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47
Q

Medications used in asthma?

A

Bronchodilators
Anti-inflammatory agents (steroids)
IV fluids
Oxygen

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48
Q

Child and family asthma education?

A

-avoid triggers
-check peak flow daily
-inhalers with patient at all times

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49
Q

S & S of epiglottis?

A

-EDEMATOUS, CHERRY RED epiglottis
-Sudden onset of high fever, sore throat, pain w swallowing
-anxious, restless, looks ill, tripod positioning
-dysphonia, dysphagia, drooling of saliva

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50
Q

Diagnosis of epiglottis?

A

-Throat exam contraindicated
-lateral neck x-ray
-x-ray
-CBC, blood culture

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51
Q

Nursing care for epiglottis?

A

-NPO, IV fluids
-Assess resp distress symptoms
-Do not leave unattended
-Intubation equipment ready

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52
Q

Meds for epiglottis?

A

Antibiotics
Antipyretics
Corticosteroids
IV fluids

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53
Q

Education for epiglottis?

A

Discuss importance of Hib vaccine and reassure parents that recurrence of epiglottitis is uncommon

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54
Q

Risk factors for RSV?

A
  • older siblings
  • smoking
  • day care
  • sharing a cup
  • not using soap at the sink
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55
Q

S & S of RSV?

A
  • cough *
  • thick secretions *
  • fever *
  • tachypnea
  • retractions
  • anorexia
  • labored breathing
  • wheezing / crackles
  • nasal flaring
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56
Q

Diagnosis of RSV?

A

nasopharyngeal swab and looking at symptoms

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57
Q

Treatment of RSV?

A
  • fluids
  • suction
  • O2
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58
Q

RSV Meds?

A

steroids to decrease inflammation

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59
Q

Nursing care RSV?

A
  • resp assessment
  • I&O
  • weight daily
  • contact precautions
  • clustering care
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60
Q

What is the HUS triad?

A

anemia, thrombocytopenia, renal failure

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61
Q

Clinical manifestations of HUS?

A

Primarily in infants 6 mos to 5 yr old
Acquired hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, renal injury, and CNS symptoms
Associated with e.coli (undercooked ground beef), unpasteurized milk or fruit juice (apple), sprouts, lettuce, salami or drinking-swimming in sewage-contaminated water

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62
Q

CKD diet?

A

-Low in protein, potassium, sodium, phosphorous
-High in carbohydrates
-Unrestricted amount of fat
-Limit fresh fruit and veggies
-High in calcium

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62
Q

Treatment for HUS?

A

-Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis (for those anuric for 24 hrs, or oliguria w/uremia or HTN & seizures)
-FFP and plasmapheresis, fresh/washed packed cells

62
Q

Nursing care of cleft palate?

A

-repaired usually between 6-18 months, before 2 years of age
 Position on side or back after surgery
 Cool mist tent
 Blended diet
 Elbow restraints: 4 - 6 weeks
 No straws, pacifiers, spoons, or fingers
in or around mouth for 7-10 days.
 No oral temps.

62
Q

Treatment for pyloric stenosis?

A

 Pyloromyotomy – laparotomy - relatively
uncomplicated surgery
 Feeding 4 - 6 hours postop, progressing from
glucose or electrolyte fluid to formula within 24
hours of surgery
 Discharge home 2nd postop day

62
Q

What is the hallmark sign of pyloric stenosis?

A

PROJECTILE VOMITING, olive-shaped mass in epigastrium

63
Q

Patho of Hirschsprung’s?

A

 Congenital absence of ganglion cells in rectum & colon
 Genetically acquired – failure in utero
 Colon becomes a “megacolon”

64
Q

CMs of Hirschsprung’s?

A

 No meconium with 1st 24-48 hours
 Distended abdomen & vomiting
 Signs of enterocolitis
 Chronic constipation
 Ribbon-like, foul-smelling stool

65
Q

Post & pre-op care for Hirschsprung’s?

A

Preop
 Depends on age & condition-enemas
 Postop
 NPO
 NG suction
 Abdominal assessment
 Ostomy-temporary
 Later: pull-through
 Ostomy revised: anal stricture & incontinence are
potential complications

66
Q

CMs of GERD?

A

-Spitting up or vomiting
-Excessive crying
-Arching of the back
-Cough, wheeze, stridor, gag
-Bloody emesis
-Apnea
-Difficulty swallowing
-Chest pain
-Heartburn

67
Q

Treatment for GERD?

A

-Avoid foods that intensify reflux (citrus, caffeine, etc.)
-Weight control
-Small frequent meals
-Thickened feeds
-Elevate HOB for 1 hour after feed
-PPI’s-omeprazole, H2 receptor inhibitors-ranitidine
-Surgical management-nissen fundoplication

68
Q

5 roles of peds nurse?

A
  1. Therapeutic relationship
  2. Patient educator (disease prevention and health promotion)
  3. Patient/family advocate
  4. Case manager (coordinate nd collaborate)
  5. Researcher
69
Q

4 leading causes of infant mortality in US?

A
  1. Low birth weight
  2. Prematurity
  3. Sudden infant death
  4. Congenital anomalies
70
Q

Main causes of child mortality ages 1-4?

A

accidents and congenital abnormalities

71
Q

Main cause of child mortality in ages 5-14?

A

-accidents
-cancer

72
Q

Main cause of child mortality in ages 15-18?

A

-accidents
-suicide

73
Q

When do anterior fontanels close?

A

12-18 months

74
Q

When do post fontanels close?

A

2-3 months

75
Q

Developmental biologic changes within first 6 months?

A
  1. Birth weight doubles (on quiz)
  2. Grows 1’’ per month in length
  3. Head circumference increases by 1/2’’ per month
  4. Grasps as reflex, more with eyes, palmar grasp
  5. between 4-6 months head control established
  6. Tooth eruption begins
  7. Turns from abdomen to back at 6 months.
76
Q

Developmental biologic changes within first 7-12 months?

A
  1. Birth weight triples by end of 1st year
  2. Grows 1/2” per month in length (mostly in trunk)
  3. Manipulates items: pulls to mouth, pincer grasp
  4. Head control > straightening of back > then sitting
  5. Sit alone by 7 months & sit>explore from sitting at 8 mos
77
Q

What are the two oral-social stages?

A

Food intake (first 3-4 months) and grasping.
or biting possibly due to teething

78
Q

What is attachment in infants? When does this occur?

A

When able to discriminate mother from others, happens at 6 months

79
Q

When does stranger fear develop?

A

6-8 months

80
Q

When does separation anxiety begin, peak, and usually end?

A

9 months, 18 months, 3 years

81
Q

Age appropriate toys for first year of life?

A
  • Rattles
  • Mobiles
  • Teething toys
  • Nesting toys
  • Playing with balls
  • Reading book
82
Q

What is colic?

A
  • vigorous crying & drawing legs to abdomen
  • most common < 3 months, can occur at birth - 6 months
  • paroxysmal abdominal pain or cramping
  • specific cause is rarely identified
  • onset usually late in afternoon
  • episodes last from 30 min to greater than 3 hours
  • between crying periods usually happy
83
Q

How to help colic?

A
  • Rule out organic causes
  • May try a different formula
  • Use of antispasmotics, sedatives , antihistamines or antifluctuents
  • Nursing mothers may need to change diet
  • Position changes
  • Caregiver support!!!!!
84
Q

What is the dose max for acetaminophen?

A

Acetaminophen (10 - 15 mg/kg per dose-max. 5 doses/day)

85
Q

How much does a newborn sleep on average?

A

16-20 hrs, awake 6 x to feed

86
Q

Promoting nutrition between 1-6 months?

A

Support breastfeeding efforts
Vitamin D (200 IU/day)
Infants do not require additional fluids
Teach iron-fortified formula preparation (do not microwave)
Feed formula 6 x daily
Cereal – rice low allergy – 4-6 months – iron fortified*

87
Q

Promoting nutrition after 6 months?

A

Formula or breastmilk 4-5 x daily
Fruits & veggies: 6-8 mos
Meat, fish, poultry: 8-10 mos
commercial low protein, include organ meat high iron
Finger foods: 6-7 mos –teething cracker, fruit/veggie
Chopped table or junior foods: 9-12 mos
Introduce when hungry-one at a time
Spoon feed pushing food to back of tongue

88
Q

What normally causes protein-energy malnutrition?

A

chronic illnesses such as CF, renal dialysis, GI malabsorption, anorexia

89
Q

What is Kwashiokor?

A

-severe protein malnutrition and bilateral extremity swelling
High starch diet
fed only rice beverage diet, parental ignorance, cow’s milk intolerance=muscle wasting, skin depigmentation, blindness due to Vit A deficiency

90
Q

What are the most common causes of SIDS?

A
  • maternal smoking (12%)
  • co-sleeping
  • prone sleeping in soft bedding-overheating
  • infant was apparently healthy
  • not caused by suffocation -no identifiable cause
91
Q

Risk factors for SIDS?

A
  • Maternal health during pregnancy
  • Twins
  • Preemie
  • SGA
  • Persistent apnea
  • BPD (bronchopulmonary dysplasia)
  • Family history of SIDS
  • Environment
92
Q

Water excess causes?

A
  1. Water intoxication
    -Child maltreatment
    -Contest winner ?
  2. IV overload
  3. Incorrect feeding
    -Too much
    -Inappropriate preparation
  4. Swimming lessons
  5. Too rapid dialysis
  6. Tap water enemas
93
Q

Signs of water excess?

A
  1. Rales “wet” (difficulty breathing)
  2. Increased venous pressure
  3. Slow, bounding pulse
  4. Weight gain
  5. Lethargy
  6. Increased spinal pressure /seizure /coma
94
Q

Water excess labs?

A
  • Low urine SG
  • Decreased HCT and serum electrolytes

Decreased Requirements
- CHF
- SIADH
- Increased ICP
- Oliguric renal failure

95
Q

CMs of celiac disease?

A
  • Abdominal distention, vomiting
  • Anorexia, muscle wasting
  • Diarrhea with a foul odor
96
Q

What does green bilious vomiting suggest?

A

bowel obstruction

97
Q

What does Curdled stomach contents, mucus, or fatty foods that are vomited several hours after ingestion suggest?

A

poor gastric emptying

98
Q

What does coffee ground emesis suggest?

A

GI bleed

99
Q

Treatment of strep?

A
  • Antibiotics
  • Acetaminophen or NSAIDs for throat pain and fever
  • Encourage use of salt water gargles, oral rehydration via ice chips or frozen juice pops.
  • Wash toothbrush thoroughly or replace.
100
Q

Diet for ESRD?

A
  • low sodium
  • low potassium
  • acknowledge fluids
  • CHICKEN!
101
Q

What foods should be avoided with ESRD?

A
  • bananas
  • orange juice
  • carbs
  • turnip greens
102
Q

Signs of respiratory distress?

A

Struggling for each breath or short of breath.
Tight breathing so that your child can barely speak or cry.
Ribs are pulling in with each breath (called retractions).
Breathing has become noisy (such as wheezing).
Breathing is much faster than normal.
Lips or face turn a blue color.

103
Q

What is HUS associated with?

A

e coli

104
Q

What are examples of things that may contain e coli?

A

(undercooked ground beef),
unpasteurized milk or fruit juice (apple), sprouts, lettuce,
salami or drinking-swimming in sewage-contaminated
water

104
Q

What is the prognosis of HUS?

A

 Prompt tx = 95% recovery
 Residual renal impairment 10-50%
 Complications: chronic renal failure, HTN, CNS disorders

105
Q

Feeding for child with FTT?

A
  • Consistent “primary” caregiver
  • Unstimulating atmosphere
  • Maintain calm, even temperament
  • Talk to the child giving directions about eating
  • Be persistent
  • Maintain face-to-face posture
  • Introduce foods slowly
  • Follow the child’s rhythm
  • Develop structure
106
Q

What are some causes of apnea in infants?

A

sepsis, seizures, neurologic disorders, upper or lower respiratory infection, GE reflux, hypoglycemia, metabolic problems

107
Q

What are F & E differences in peds?

A
  1. Percentage of body weight
  2. Loss of water per day
  3. Immature kidney function
  4. Water and electrolyte disturbances more likely
  5. Larger body surface area (BSA)
  6. Higher basal metabolic rate
  7. Immature kidney function
  8. Greater fluid requirements
108
Q

When do anatomical and physiological aspects for pain transmission develop?

A

3rd trimester, preterm and full-term neonates may be more sensitive to pain stimuli

109
Q

Risk factor of tonsilitis?

A

Smoking
Daycare
School

110
Q

S & S of tonsilitis?

A

Fever
Sore throat
Enlarge tonsils
Peritonsilar exudate or white patches on the tonsils

111
Q

Treatment for tonsilitis?

A

Antibiotics
Antipyretics
Surgical tonsillectomy

112
Q

Post-op tonsilectomy care?

A
  • Provide patient with ice collar for inflammation and pain.
  • Assess for frequent swallowing or throat clearing as this may be a sign of bleeding.
  • Avoid red food/liquids, straw, coughing, or blowing nose forcefully.
113
Q

What is otitis media?

A

Upper respiratory infection causes congestion and inflammation, leading to obstruction of the eustachian tube and inflammation of fluid in the middle ear

114
Q

Risk factors for otitis media?

A
  • Cigarette smoke exposure
  • Recent upper respiratory infection
  • Daycare
  • Bottle fed babies
115
Q

S & S for otitis media?

A
  • Drainage from affected ear(s)
  • Fever
  • Pulling at affected ear(s)
  • Irritability
  • Bulging/red tympanic membrane
    Diagnose with clinical exam
116
Q

Treatment for otitis media?

A
  • Acetaminophen or NSAIDs for pain
  • Antibiotics (amoxicillin)
  • Myringotomy (tube placement) for recurrent ear infections.
117
Q

What is otitis externa?

A

Inflammation of the ear can or external structures.
- Persistent moisture in the external ear leads to bacterial (or fungal) overgrowth and inflammation.

118
Q

risk factors for otitis externa (swimmers ear)?

A
  • Swimming
  • Foreign object insertion (cotton swabs, earbuds)
119
Q

S & S of otitis externa?

A
  • Ear pain
  • Discharge from ear
  • Ear itching and/or redness
  • Tinnitis

Diagnose with visual and clinical exam

120
Q

S & S of strep throat?

A
  • Sore throat
  • Pain with swallowing
  • Fever
  • Cervical lymphadenopathy
  • Foul breath odor,
  • Tonsillar erythema/exudate
  • (white patches)
    Diagnose with rapid strep culture
121
Q

Treatment for otitis media?

A

Otic drops, usually combination of antibiotics and steroids

122
Q

What can happen if strep throat is left untreated?

A

can lead to rheumatic fever or glomerulonephritis

123
Q

family education for otitis media?

A
  • Proper administration of ear drops (lie with affected side up, instill drops warmed to body temperature, remain on side for 3-5 min.
  • Prevention: Use 1:1 solution of isopropyl alcohol and white vinegar after swimming or showering
  • Frequently sanitize earbuds
  • Avoid use of cotton swabs in ear
124
Q

Treatment with strep throat?

A
  • Antibiotics
  • Acetaminophen or NSAIDs for throat pain and fever
  • Encourage use of salt water gargles, oral rehydration via ice chips or frozen juice pops.
  • Wash toothbrush thoroughly or replace.
125
Q

What are the most common causes of diarrhea?

A
  1. rotavirus
  2. salmonella
  3. shigella
126
Q

S & S of rotavirus?

A
  • Fever
  • Starts with vomiting and then watery, grassy green foul smelling diarrhea
127
Q

S & S of salmonella?

A
  • Person to person or under cooked chicken
  • June-August
  • Hamsters, turtles, dogs and cats carry it too!!
  • Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea
128
Q

S & S of shigella?

A
  • Fever, fatigue, anorexia
  • Crampy abdominal pain preceding watery or bloody diarrhea
  • Do not give antidiarrheal medications
129
Q

Treatment for diarrhea?

A
  • Fix the fluid and electrolyte imbalance-oral or IVF
  • Small frequent oral rehydration (10 ml/kg for each stool) or 40-50 ml/kg every 4 hours
  • IVF-Normal Saline or D5W with HCO3
  • Avoid carbonated drinks, fruit juice, chicken broth
  • Resume regular diet after rehydration
130
Q

What is GER?

A

transfer of gastric contents into the esophagus

131
Q

What is GERD?

A

tissue damage from GER
- Poor weight gain
- Esophagitis
- Persistent respiratory symptoms or complications

132
Q

What is fifth’s disease?

A

-“slapped” red cheeck
-lacy rash on trunk and limbs
-HPV 19

133
Q

What are causes and S & S of conjunctivitis?

A

-viral, bacterial, chlamydia
-purulent drainage, crusting eyelids, swollen lids, reddened conjunctiva
-24 hr antibiotic treatment

134
Q

Nursing care for stomatitis?

A

-control pain
-swish and swallow (or spit)
-hydration

135
Q

What is a cardinal symptom and test for enterobiasis (pinworms)?

A

-intense peri-anal itching
-tape test, microscopic exam

136
Q

Treatment and medication of pinworms?

A
  • Wash hands
  • Treat all in household
  • Albendazole – Re-treat in 2 weeks
  • Pyrvinium pamoate – stains red
    5
137
Q

What is impetigo?

A

-highly contagious skin infection
-caused by strep and staphylococcus
-most common skin condition in children ages 2-5

138
Q

Signs & symptoms and treatment of impetigo?

A

Pruritus, redness, honey-colored crusting, yellow exudate
* Wash 2-3 times per day with soap & water. Warm
saline soaks,
* Topical / oral antibiotic
* May need to cut fingernails
* Do not remove crusts

139
Q

Characteristics of scabies?

A
  • Mite sarcoptes scabeos
  • Grayish brown threadlike burrow
  • 5% permethrin leave on 8-12 hrs
    repeat in 7 days, cover entire body
140
Q

Characteristics of pediculosis capitis (head lice)?

A
  • Incubation of eggs = 10 days
  • Find nape of neck – separate sections of
    hair with q-tips
  • Find eggs not louse
  • Shampoo – beauty shop
  • Nix not Lindane, repeat in
    7-12 days, treat environment
    8
141
Q

Stage 1 lyme disease symptoms?

A

Fever, HA, malaise, fatigue,
anorexia, conjunctivitis,
cough, stiff neck,
lymphadenopathy

142
Q

Stage 2 lyme disease?

A

Neuro, cardiac,
Musculoskeletal systems

143
Q

Stage 3 lyme disease?

A

Musculoskeletal pain,
arthritis

144
Q

Treatment for lyme disease?

A

penicillin

145
Q

SIgns and symptoms of rocky mountain spotted fever?

A

fever for 2-3
weeks, malaise, deep muscle pain,
h/a, chills, conjunctival infection, rash-
ext to trunk; petechia later / non itchy

146
Q

Complications of RMSF?

A

DIC, GI, pneumonitis,
cardiac and renal, shock

147
Q

Treatment for RMSF?

A

antibiotics

148
Q

Signs and symptoms of diptheria?

A

thick, bluish
white to grey patch covers
the tonsils.
 Fever, anorexia, malaise,
cough, hoarseness, odor,
sore throat

149
Q

Complications of diptheria?

A

myocarditis,
ascending paralysis

150
Q

Treatment of diptheria?

A

IV antitoxin, Pen G

151
Q

Signs and symptoms of tetanus?

A

Stiff neck and jaw, facial
spasms, difficulty
swallowing, MUSCLE
RIGIDITY Lock jaw and muscle
spasm (Sardonic smile)
 Opisthotonus

152
Q

tx of tetanus?

A

Tetanus
immunoglobulin, Tetanus
toxoid, ICU care, paralysis,
ventilator et,
 Revaccinate q 10 years

153
Q

S & S of pertussis?

A

Runny nose, cough that
becomes more severe
and spasms, flushing,
cyanosis, vomiting

154
Q

Tx of pertussis?

A

Antibiotics,
steroids
 Vaccine 6 wks to 6 years

155
Q

Side effects of DTaP?

A

redness, pain, Temp to 101,
fussy
 Serious: inconsolable crying, temp
>102, anaphylaxis, shock

156
Q

S and Sx of measles?

A

High fever, conjunctivitis,
coryza, cough, anorexia,
malaise, Koplik spots, Rash
maculopapular from face to
trunk to extremities.
 Complications: pneumonia,
bronchitis, encephalitis

157
Q

S & Sx of mumps?

A

Malaise, low grade fever, earache,
headache, pain with chewing,
swelling parotid gland

158
Q

S & S of chicken pox/varicella?

A

Mild fever, malaise, irritability, tear-
drop, centripetal, rose petal rash,
HIGHLY PRURITIC, contagious one day
before until 6 days after first crop
crusted over.

159
Q

Characteristics of scarlett fever?

A

-Accompanies streptococcal infection
 High fever, headache, vomiting,
chills, sore throat, then rash
 White strawberry tongue then red

160
Q

What is the most common STI?

A

HPV

PEDS (5 decks)

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