Exam 1 Flashcards
(92 cards)
What are maps?
Something that shows the relationship between different ideas
Are maps always geological?
No, maps can also be brain maps
What is a map in relation to geology?
Maps are a 2D representation of a 3D space
What makes a good map?
It should highlight key details, while hiding less important ones
What was William Smith credited with?
Biostratigraphy
What is biostratigraphy?
Using the orientation of rocks on the surface to locate rocks in the subsurface
What are the four layers of earth?
The crust, mantle, outer core and, inner core
Which layer of the earth is a liquid?
The outer core
How do we know about the layers of earth?
Using seismology, as well as earthquakes and volcanoes – they are responsible for our knowledge of earth’s layers
What is the difference between p and s waves
P wave (Pushing and pulling) while s wave (shear waves – waving around a wand)
Between P and S waves, which cannot pass through liquids?
S waves
At what degrees are P-waves affected by shadow zones?
103 to 142 degrees
At what degrees are S-waves affected by shadow zones?
103 to 103 degrees
What is an epicentre?
The location of an earthquake
What is the composition of the crust made up of?
Oxygen and silicon
What makes up a majority of the planet?
Oxygen and iron
Why is iron more plentiful beneath the surface?
Because metal is heavy and it sinks
How did the layers of Earth form?
From bombardment, gravitational compression, and radioactive decay which causes rocks to melt
What are the composition layer? (Chemistry)
Continental crust and, the oceanic crust
What are the mechanical layers called?
The lithosphere and the asthenosphere
What are the five components of a mineral?
- Solid
- Inorganic
- Naturally occurring
- Definite with sometimes varying chemical composition
- Crystal lattice
What should we not use to identify minerals?
Colours
What are earth materials made of?
Minerals, rocks, soils, fossils
What is the difference between rocks an minerals?
Minerals are made of single crystals, while rocks are aggregate materials