Exam 1

Question 1

Insects are broken into what 3 body parts?

Answer 1

Head, Thorax, Abdomen

Question 2

Clypeus

Answer 2

a plate on the anterior median aspect of an insect head

Question 3

The thorax of a grasshopper is split into what 3 sections?

Answer 3

prothorax, mesothorax, and metathorax

Question 4

Coxa

Answer 4

The section of a leg that is attached to the body

Question 5

Trochanter

Answer 5

The segment of the leg between the coxa and femur

Question 6

Name G.H. legs in order from front to back

Answer 6

Foreleg: Prothoracic leg
Midleg: Mesothoracic leg
Hindleg: Metathoracic leg

Question 7

the 3 sutures on a G.H. head frontal view

Answer 7

Coronal, frontal, and epistomal suture

Question 8

Ocellus

Answer 8

Simple eye not related to pictorial vision

Question 9

Cephalothorax

Answer 9

when the head and thorax are fused together, common among chelicerates

Question 10

Cephalization

Answer 10

evolutionary trend in which, over many generations, the mouth, sense organs, and nerve ganglia become concentrated at the front end of an animal

Question 11

Chelicerata

Answer 11

one of the major sub divisions of Arthropoda
It contains the sea spiders, horseshoe crabs, and arachnids (including harvestmen, scorpions, spiders, solifuges, ticks, and mites, among many others), as well as a number of extinct lineages, such as the eurypterids (sea scorpions) and chasmataspidids

Question 12

Cycloneurella

Answer 12

is a clade of ecdysozoan animals including the Scalidophora (Kinorhynchans, Loriciferans, Priapulids) and the Nematoida (nematodes, Nematomorphs) It may be paraphyletic, or may be a sister group to Panarthropoda

Question 13

ecdysozoan concept

Answer 13

animal superphylum corresponding to one of the two main branches of protostomes whose members shed their exoskeleton through a molting process

Question 14

Myriopoda

Answer 14

are the members of subphylum Myriapoda, containing arthropods such as millipedes and centipedes

Question 15

Onychophora

Answer 15

Commonly known as velvet worms, Velvet worms are generally considered close relatives of the Arthropoda and Tardigrada, with which they form the proposed taxon Panarthropoda

Question 16

Opisthosoma

Answer 16

is the posterior part of the body in some arthropods, behind the prosoma (cephalothorax). It is a distinctive feature of the subphylum Chelicerata (arachnids, horseshoe crabs and others).

Question 17

Pancrustacea

Answer 17

is the clade that comprises all crustaceans, including hexapods (insects and relatives).[2] This grouping is contrary to the Atelocerata hypothesis, in which Hexapoda and Myriapoda are sister taxa, and Crustacea are only more distantly related

Question 18

prosoma

Answer 18

the anterior region of the body of an invertebrate (such as an arachnid) especially when the segmentation is suppressed or obscured.
also called cephalothorax in some groups

Question 19

protostome

Answer 19

a multicellular organism whose mouth develops from a primary embryonic opening, such as an annelid, mollusk, or arthropod.
‘first mouth’

Question 20

Tagnosis

Answer 20

The evolution of functional body parts

Question 21

Tagmata

Answer 21

Tagma is the term used to describe each of the three main divisions/segments of an insect’s body. Each section is known as a tagma and collectively they are called tagmata.

Question 22

Tradigrada

Answer 22

Tardigrades, known colloquially as water bears or moss piglets

Question 23

Arthropoda

Answer 23

are invertebrate animals in the phylum Arthropoda.They possess an exoskeleton with a cuticle made of chitin, bilateral symmetry, segmented, (usually) paired joint appendages

Question 24

Hexapoda

Answer 24

Sub phylum of Arthropoda, and includes insecta, Entognatha/parainsecta

Question 25

Entognatha

Answer 25

Their mouthparts are entognathous, meaning that they are retracted within the head, unlike the insects.[1] Entognatha are apterous, meaning that they lack wings. The class contains three orders: Collembola (springtails, 9000 species),[3] Diplura (“two-tail”, 1000 species)[4] and Protura (“first-tail”, 800 species)

Question 26

Ametabolism

Answer 26

is a type of growth or life cycle in insects in which there is slight or no metamorphosis, only a gradual increase in size

Question 27

Apterygota

Answer 27

distinguished from other insects by their lack of wings

Question 28

Pterygota

Answer 28

subclass of insects that includes all winged insects and the orders that are secondarily wingless

Question 29

Paleoptera

Answer 29

1 muscle contraction= 1 wing flap

Question 30

Neoptera

Answer 30

trigger mechanism multiple flaps

Question 31

describe the six steps in the molting process

Answer 31

1-we have a cross-sectional view of the cuticle on the Ecdysial suture
2-Aploysis occurs, the separation of the old cuticle from the epidermis, New Epicuticle is secreted
3-Epidermis secretes molting fluid that breakdown old meso/endo and reabsorb the broken-down products
4-the new epicuticle grows, and the epidermis goes through mitotic proliferation
5- Eclosion movement, swallow/H2O
6-leaves behind the old epi/exocuticle exuvium

Question 32

what is the order from outside to bottom of the cuticle

Answer 32

1- Epicuticle
2-Exocuticle
3- Mesocuticle
4-Endocuticle
5-epidermis
6-basement membrane
7-Hemocoel