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Religion 211 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

The name “Jesus” means

A

“Jehovah is salvation.”

Comes from the Hebrew Joshua by way of Greek.

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2
Q

Caesarea Philippi

A

City ~25 miles north of the Sea of Galilee, at the base of Mount Hermon

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3
Q

Tyre and Sidon

A

Cities on the Mediterranean coast, northwest of the Sea of Galilee

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4
Q

The Hebrew Bible is organized according to

A

three sections: the Law, the Prophets, and the Writings

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5
Q

In the Bible, the phrase “new testament” refers to

A

a new covenant, effected by Christ through His atonement.

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6
Q

Mnemonic for remembering the three sections of the Hebrew Bible

A

TaNaK: Torah (the Law); Nebiim (the Prophets); Kethuviim (the Writings)

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7
Q

The division of Israel resulted in what two entities?

A

The Northern Kingdom of “Israel” (capital at Samaria), comprised of ten tribes; and the southern Kingdom of Judah, comprised of the tribes of Judah and Benjamin.

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8
Q

When did the division of Israel into the northern and southern kingdoms occur?

A

c. 922 BC

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9
Q

When and where did Zedekiah reign?

A

In Judah, from 596-586 BC

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10
Q

When and where did Hoshea reign?

A

In Israel, from 732-722 BC

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11
Q

When was the Assyrian conquest of Israel?

A

722 BC

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12
Q

Assyrian conquest

A

Shalmaneser of Assyria besieged Samaria and conquered the Northern Kingdom of Israel, and carried them off to Assyria (near Nineveh)

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13
Q

When was the Babylonian conquest of Judah?

A

587/586 BC

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14
Q

Babylonian conquest

A

Under Nebuchadnezzar II, Babylon conquered Judah, destroyed Jerusalem (including the temple), and carried many off to Babylon.

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15
Q

Persian conquest of Babylon year

A

539 BC

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16
Q

Who was Cyrus the Great?

A

The Persian king who conquered Babylon. He saw himself as being guided and strengthened by God in his conquests, and he said (according to the Bible) that God charged him to build a temple in Jerusalem. As a result he sent the Jews back to Jerusalem to rebuild the temple.

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17
Q

When did Cyrus decree that the Jews could return to Judah?

A

538 BC

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18
Q

Apocrypha

A

Deutero-Canonical books; refers to books that are not part of the Biblical canon.

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19
Q

Septuagint

A

Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible in 3rd century BC in Egypt.

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20
Q

Antiochus IV Epiphanes

A

Greek Seleucid king who desecrated the temple at Jerusalem and persecuted the Jews, taking away their right to worship freely.

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21
Q

Reign of Antiochus IV Epiphanes (years)

A

175-164 BC

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22
Q

Antiochus IV Epiphanes desecrated the Temple, and the Maccabees revolted, in what year?

A

168 BC

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23
Q

Hasmonean Dynasty

A

Came about after the Maccabbean revolt overthrew Antiochus IV Epiphanes, restoring Jewish rule. Began 165 BC

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24
Q

Josephus

A

Jewish-Roman historian and apologist. His works provide great insight into Jewish history and the world of the New Testament.

25
Q

Roman siege of Jerusalem

A

In c. 64-63 BC, Pompey laid siege to Jerusalem and conquered it, ending Hasmonean rule and turning Judea into a client kingdom of Rome. He generally respected the Jews’ religion.

26
Q

Herod the Great

A

Judean king who did many things, including reconstructing the temple. He was also very cruel. Reigned from 37-4 B.C.

27
Q

Division of the Judean Kingdom among the sons of Herod the Great after his death

A

Philip ruled as tetrarch in Ituraea and Trachonitis, northeast of Galilee.

Herod Antipas ruled as tetrarch in Galilee.

Archelaus ruled as ethnarch in Judea (Jerusalem, Samaria, over to coast)

28
Q

Judea’s status in Roman empire

A

Became a Roman province in 6 A.D. at the death of Archalaus; Galilee remained a client kingdom longer. As a province, Judea was subject to tighter Roman control, military presence, etc.

29
Q

Pontius Pilate

A

Ruled as the Roman prefect (“governor”) in Judea from 26-36 AD

30
Q

How many laws in the Law of Moses?

A
  1. It was a terrestrial law.
31
Q

What role did temples play in the Law of Moses?

A

The site of animal sacrifice, which was a basic part of the covenant system. Sacrifices covered/purged sin.

32
Q

General layout of temple

A

The Holy Place was entered through the First Veil. The Holy of Holies, representing the Lord’s presence, was entered through the second veil.

33
Q

Contents of the Holy Place

A

Menorah, Table of Shewbread, Altar of Incense

34
Q

Contents of the Holy of Holies

A

Ark of the Covenant

35
Q

High priests mentioned in the Gospels

A

Ananus (Annas) son of Seth: 6-15 AD

Joseph Caiaphas: 18-36/37 AD

36
Q

When was the Temple of Zerubbabel rebuilt?

A

c. 520-515 BC

37
Q

What did the Temple of Zerubbabel lack?

A

The Ark of the Covenant

The Manifestation of the glory of the Lord

The Urim and Thummim

The holy fire on the altar

The spirit of prophecy

38
Q

When was the Temple destroyed?

A

In 70 AD by Roman forces, in accordance with Jesus’s prophecy.

39
Q

Jewish Diaspora

A

The body of Jews who live in places other than their homeland in and around Jerusalem. They were scattered entirely in 133 AD.

40
Q

Jewish days

A

Began in the evening

41
Q

Passover and Feast of Unleavened Bread

A

Commemorated being saved from the plague that killed the firstborn, as well as the exodus.

Included sacrifice of an unblemished lamb; intimately connected with Christ and His atonement.

42
Q

Festival of Weeks (Pentecost)

A

Commemorated Moses receiving the commandments on Sinai.

Related to the outpouring of the Spirit on the day of Pentecost in Acts.

43
Q

Festival of Tabernacles

A

An ingathering, celebrating the harvest. A joyful festival.

Informed some of Jesus’ major teachings.

44
Q

Sabbath

A

Was on Saturday in the Gospels.

45
Q

Sadducees

A

Derived their claim to power from a connection to Zadok, the great high priest.

Controlled the temple and associated taxes.

Rejected the “oral law” of the Pharisees.

Denied resurrection/afterlife.

Upper class; establishment adversaries of Jesus’ movement.

46
Q

Pharisees

A

No political power or control of temple.

Exacting standards of piety and purity.

Believed in resurrection and afterlife.

Believed in extensive “oral law” to avoid breaking the original law.

Opposed Jesus on religious grounds.

47
Q

Publicans

A

Tax collectors. Were hated because of their job and their corruption.

48
Q

Scribes

A

One learned in the Law and scriptures. Examined difficult/subtle questions.

49
Q

Samaritans

A

Inhabitants of Samaria. Jews and Samaritans hated each other, and Jews didn’t see Samaritans as real Israelites.

50
Q

Joseph Smith on the Bible

A

Taught that fundamental truths had been taken from the Bible over the years.

51
Q

Canonization of New Testament

A

A process that took centuries, during which many errors were made and propagated.

52
Q

Gospel of Matthew

A

Matthew was a tax collector. Wrote for a Jewish audience (originally in Hebrew), with many Old Testament references. Also only gospel to mention the “church.”

53
Q

Gospel of Mark

A

Likely wrote to a Gentile audience; he often explained Aramaic words. Mark was not an apostle, but was likely a missionary companion of Paul. Most critical gospel of the Apostles.

54
Q

Gospel of Luke

A

Luke was not an apostle, and was likely a gentile who wrote for a gentile audience (such as Theophilus). Never knew Christ in mortality. Likely a physician. Most refined Greek. Most universal gospel in scope, emphasizing gentiles’ importance.

55
Q

Gospel of John

A

John was an Apostle. Differs significantly from Synoptic Gospels. Does not relate parables. Starts with pre-existence of Jesus. Portrayed Jesus as son of God and Jehovah.

56
Q

Judah came under Greek rule in what year?

A

332 BC

57
Q

Jesus died in what year?

A

30 AD

58
Q

Jerusalem was destroyed by Rome in what year?

A

70 AD

Religion 211 (3 decks)

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