Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Particle sizes, Largest to smallest

A

Sand, silt, clay

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2
Q

Why is organic matter necessary for good soil

A

better drainage, softer, resists erosion, biodiversity

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3
Q

Weathering definition

A

break down (and chemical transformation) of rock

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4
Q

What are the two types of weathering

A

Physical and Chemical

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5
Q

Characteristics of physical weathering

A

Disintegration by mechanical means, can be heat driven, tree and shrub roots can break down rock

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6
Q

Characteristics of chemical weathering

A

Decomposition chemically

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6
Q

Main agents of chemical weathering

A

water, CO2, O2, acid rain, biological substances

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7
Q

3 types of rock

A

Igneous rock, metamorphic rock, sedimentary rock

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8
Q

Characteristics of igneous rock

A

formed when lava or magma cools
high in Fe and Mg
Includes volcanic ash

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9
Q

Characteristics of metamorphic rock

A

Made when continental plates collide
causes heat and pressure
transforms sedimentary and igneous rock into something new

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10
Q

Characteristics of sedimentary rock

A

rocks are broken down into smaller pieces
weathering depends on original rock comp

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11
Q

Define parent materials

A

The original rock a soil is made from

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12
Q

What are residual parent materials

A

materials not transported

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13
Q

Define colluvium

A

rock fragments carried down steep slopes

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14
Q

define alluvium

A

rock fragments carried by rivers and streams

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15
Q

Define glacial till

A

material transported by a glacier

16
Q

define aeolian

A

rock fragments transported by wind

17
Q

loess

A

silt carried by air

18
Q

marine

A

coastal sediments

19
Q

lacustrine

A

lake sediments

20
Q

peat

A

a compressed form of organic matter

21
Q

5 major factors that contribute to soil development

A

parent material
climate
topography
biota
time

22
Q

Order of horizons (Top to bottom)

A

O
A
E
B
C
R

23
Q

O horizon

A

organic layer, forest floor

24
Q

A Horizon

A

dark color, decayed organic matter, known as top soil

25
Q

E Horizon

A

Eluviated (Washed out)

26
Q

B horizon

A

material washed out from E horizon

27
Q

C horizon

A

on top of parent material, retains structural features of underlying material, limited biological material

28
Q

R horizon

A

rock layer

29
Q
A