EXAM 1 Flashcards
Olericulture
Herbs and veggies
Pomology
Fruit and tree nut crops
Viticulture
Grapes
Arboriculture
Trees and shrubs
Spermatophyte
Group of plants that produce seeds (2 main groups- angiosperm, gymnosperm)
Angiosperm
Flowering plants, covered seed, broad leaves
Gymnosperm
Naked seed, narrow leafed
Cloripetalae
Flower parts separate
Sympetalae
Flower parts fused @ base
Levels of organization
Whole plant
Organs
Tissues
Cells
Organelles
Macromolecules
3 vegetative organs
Root, stem, leaf
Shade grown leaf
Thinner
Sun grown leaf
Thicker
Simple leaf
Single, undivided blade
Compound
Divided into multiple leaflets
Palmately compound leaf
Leaves at one base (pinwheel like)
Pinnately compound leaf
Leaves on one stem branching out
Functions of leaves
Gas exchange
Protection
Food manufacturer (photosynthesis)
Functions of stem
Support
Conduction
Food storage
Protection
Propagation
Photosynthesis
Crown (modified stem)
Leafy cluster
Stolons (modified stem)
Above-ground runners
Spurs (modified stem)
Short, woody branches
Rhizomes (modified stem)
Horizontal underground stems
Corms (modified stem)
Short, swollen underground stems
Bulbs (modified stem)
Leaf bases in layers
Tubers (modified stem)
Enlarges, fleshy storage stems
Primary growth
Growth of length
Secondary growth
Growth of thickness
Where is xylem located in vascular bundle?
Inner
Where is phloem located in vascular bundle?
Outer
What are the annual rings made of in a tree?
Xylem
Main functions of roots
Water and nutrient absorption
Energy storage
Anchoring and stability
Production of plant hormones
Tap root
Radicle forms the primary rotten adds lateral roots
Fibrous root
Single radicle forms but in addition to several other embryonic roots form just above radicle, roots branch out
What levels of taxonomic classification are used in the naming system?
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum/Division, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Variety
Occurs naturally
Cultivar
Intentionally bred
Female flower
Pistil, stigma, style, ovary
Male flower
Stamen, anther, filament
Complete flower
Has sepals, petals, stamens, pistils
Incomplete flower
Missing one type of sexual organ
Perfect flower
Both male and female parts
Imperfect flower
Missing one type of sexual organ
Monoecious
Both male and female occur on SAME plant
Dioecious
Male and female occur on SEPARATE plants
Monocot flower
3 floral parts
Dicot flower
4 or 5 flower parts
Fruit develops from…
an ovary
Seed develops from…
an ovule
Monocot seed
Made out of a single embryonic leaf or cotyledon
Cotyledon
Provides food
Endosperm (monocot seed)
Food storage for seedling
Plumule
Embryonic leaf
Radicle
Embryonic root
Seed coat
Protects seed
Dicot seed
Seeds with two embryonic leaves and cotyledons
Hypocotyl (dicot seed)
Embryonic stem
Meristematic Tissues
Actively dividing
Help plant grow in length and develop new parts
Responsible for primary growth
Non-Meristematic Tissues
Stopped dividing
Support, storage, photosynthesis
Responsible for secondary growth
3 parts of non-meristematic tissues
Dermal, vascular, ground/fundamental
Where is the dermal tissue found in plants?
Outer layer
Functions of dermal tissue
Protect
Regulate water, gas exchange
Resists infection
Examples of dermal tissue
Epidermis
Periderm
Vascular tissue system
Plumbing system
Functions of vascular tissue system
Allows water, minerals, and dissolved sugars from photosynthesis to pass through
Example of vascular tissue system
Veins on leaves
Xylem
Transports water and minerals up
Cells are dead
Phloem
Transports organic compounds from site of photosynthesis
Alive at maturity
Apical Meristem
Primary growth
Located at tips of stems and roots (terminal buds)
Intercalary Meristem
Primary growth
Located at base of leaves
Vascular Cambium
Secondary growth
Located within the stems and roots between xylem and phloem tissues
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