Exam 1

Question 1

The _______ supply blood to the heart muscle.
A. coronary arteries
B. coronary veins
C.pulmonary arteries
D.pulmonary veins
E. None of the above

Answer 1

A. coronary arteries

Question 2

The right ventricle pumps _______ blood into the _______ circulation.
A. deoxygenated; systemic
B. deoxygenated; pulmonary
C.xygenated; systemic
D. oxygenated; pulmonary

Answer 2

b. deoxygenated; pulmonary

Question 3

If there is no blood flow from A to B, then the pressure in A is _______ the pressure in B.
a. higher than
b. lower than
c. equal to
d. Cannot tell from information given

Answer 3

c. equal to

Question 3

The oxygen content of blood in the aorta is _______ the oxygen content of blood in the pulmonary artery.
a. greater than
b. less than
c. equal to

Answer 3

a. greater than

Question 4

Which is a common mechanism to control blood flow to different areas of the body?
a. asodilation of blood vessels
b. changing blood viscosity
c. vasoconstriction of blood vessels
d. changing vessel length
e. Both A and C

Answer 4

E. Both A and C

Question 5

With tubes of equal length and diameter, which tube will have the highest flow?
a. in = 100 m m Hg, out = 65 m m Hg
b. in = 325 m m Hg, out = 275 m m Hg
c. in = 75 m m Hg, out = 20 m m Hg
d. in = 70 m m Hg, out = 10 m m Hg

Answer 5

d. in = 70 m m Hg, out = 10 m m Hg

Question 6

Which pairing is NOT correct?
a. primary artery of the systemic circulation → aorta
b. narrow end of the heart that points downward → base
c. valve between ventricle and a main artery → semilunar
d. tough membranous sac that encases the heart → pericardium
e. All of the above are true.

Answer 6

narrow end of the heart that points downward → base

Question 7

Which is NOT a filtration barrier that solutes in plasma must pass through to enter the lumen of Bowman’s capsule?
a. glomerular capillary endothelium
b. proximal tubule endothelium
c. basal lamina
d. epithelium of Bowman’s capsule

Answer 7

b. proximal tubule endothelium

Question 8

The kidneys synthesize and release which protein(s)?
a. erythropoietin
b. renin
c. inulin
d. A and B
e. All of the above

Answer 8

A and B

Question 9

At rest, the kidneys receive what percentage of cardiac output?
a. 1%
b. 5%
c. 20%
d. 50%
e. 75%

Answer 9

C. 20%

Question 10

Where is the juxtaglomerular apparatus located?
A. at the bottom of the Loop of Henle
B. where the collecting duct joins the ureter
C. where the distal convoluted tubule passes close to the afferent arteriole
D. where the proximal tubule joins the descending limb
E. where the descending limb joins the ascending limb

Answer 10

C. where the distal convoluted tubule passes close to the afferent arteriole

Question 11

Gout is a metabolic disease with
a. high blood concentrations of urea.
b. low blood concentrations of urea.
c. high blood concentrations of uric acid.
d. low blood concentrations of uric acid.
e. None of the above.

Answer 11

C. high blood concentrations of uric acid.

Question 12

Which describes the renal portal system?
A. arrangement between the renal artery and renal vein
B. two capillary networks and their connecting vessels
C. collecting ducts that several nephrons empty into
D. bends of the nephron as it loops back on itself

Answer 12

B. two capillary networks and their connecting vessels

Question 13

An animal whose internal osmolarity is 300 m O s M lives in sea water (1000 m O s M). This animal’s main osmotic challenge is
A. osmosis into body from environment.
B. osmosis out of the body.
C. salt influx from environment.
D. salt loss to environment.

Answer 13

B. osmosis out of the body.

Question 14

Which process removes selected molecules from the blood and adds them to the filtrate?
a. excretion
b. filtration
c. reabsorption
d. secretion
e. None of the above

Answer 14

D. secretion

Question 15

Which opposes glomerular filtration?
A. fluid pressure in Bowman’s capsule
B. capillary hydrostatic pressure
C. colloid osmotic pressure of plasma
D. A and C
E. All of the above

Answer 15

D. A and C

Question 16

Average glomerular filtration rate (G F R) is 125 m l/min.
True
False

Answer 16

True

Question 17

What happens to G F R when the afferent arteriole dilates?
A. It increases.
B. It decreases.
C. It stays the same.

Answer 17

A. It increases

Question 18

With normal kidney function, which is present in plasma but not in filtrate?
A. glucose
B. proteins
C. blood cells
D. urea
E. B and C

Answer 18

E. B and C

Question 19

Which cells release paracrines that affect afferent arteriole diameter?
A. macula densa cells
B. granular cells
C. mesangial cells
D. podocytes
E. None of the above

Answer 19

A. macula densa cells

Question 20

If the clearance of X is less than G F R, then
A. X is being secreted by the nephron.
B. X is being reabsorbed by the nephron.
C. more X is being secreted than reabsorbed.
D. None of the above.

Answer 20

B. X is being reabsorbed by the nephron

Question 21

Why is inulin the ideal substance for determining G F R?
A. It is neither reabsorbed nor secreted.
B. It gets completely secreted.
C. It is exogenous (comes from outside the body).
D. It is not metabolized.
E. More than one of the above.

Answer 21

A. It is neither reabsorbed nor secreted.

Question 22

If the excretion rate of substance A is greater than substance B, then
A. more A is filtered than B.
B. A is being secreted.
C. reabsorption of B is greater than reabsorption of A.
D. Not able to determine from information provided.

Answer 22

D. Not able to determine from information provided.

Question 23

“Secretion” in a nephron refers to transport of
A. water into the nephron lumen.
B. water out of the nephron lumen.
C. a solute into the nephron lumen.
D.a solute out of the nephron lumen.

Answer 23

A. solute into the nephron lumen