Exam 1

Question 1

Psychology is the study of the _______ and ________.

Answer 1

mind and behavior

Question 2

H.M.

Answer 2

Bicycle accident at 7 years old, suffered from brain damage and seizures, had surgery at 26 where his hippocampus was removed - woke up and couldn’t form new memories

Question 3

Clive Wearing

Answer 3

case study of hippocampus damage - herpes virus spread to his brain - he can only hold short-term memories (30ish seconds)

Question 4

form of amnesia where old memories remain, but new ones cannot be formed

Answer 4

anterograde amnesia

Question 5

nativism

Answer 5

Plato; the idea that we are born with some innate (native) knowledge

Question 6

blank slate (tabula rasa) or empiricism

Answer 6

Aristotle; the idea that all knowledge is gained through experience

Question 7

Genie Wiley

Answer 7

severely abused, found at 13, thought to have missed “critical periods” for various development landmarks like language construction and mobility

Question 8

phrenology

Answer 8

Franz Joseph Gall; specific mental functions are assigned to specific parts of the brain

Question 9

Paul Broca

Answer 9

Broca’s area - damage to the left temporal lobe causes issues with language production, but not comprehension

Question 10

Wornicky’s area

Answer 10

damage here causes issues with language comprehension

Question 11

Hermann von Helmholtz

Answer 11

physiology; introduced the concept of neural pathways by exploring reaction time to stimuli

Question 12

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 12

structuralism; wanted to create a periodic table for the mind (thoughts and feelings make up all possible conscious experiences)

Question 13

William James

Answer 13

functionalism; dropped out of harvard med, exposed to structuralism and Darwin in Europe, curious about the function of mental processes

Question 14

Charles Darwin

Answer 14

natural selection

Question 15

Jean-Marie Charcot and Pierre Janet

Answer 15

hysteria; explored early ideas of mental disorders and “multiple conscious selves”

Question 16

Sigmund Freud

Answer 16

psychoanalysis; tried to bring the unconscious (trauma) to the conscious in order to “cure” hysteria

Question 17

Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers

Answer 17

humanism; focused on positive potential and goodness

Question 18

John Watson

Answer 18

behaviorism; thoughts and feelings are subjective - let’s focus on the observable

Question 19

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 19

while studying digestion in dogs, noticed they would start to salivate when they saw the bowl or the researcher who fed them (classic conditioning)

Question 20

B.F. Skinner

Answer 20

behaviorism and reinforcement; we can shape behaviors with rewards and punishments (questioned free will)

Question 21

Gestalt psychology

Answer 21

the concept that we often perceive the whole rather than the sum of its parts

Question 22

Sir Frederic Bartlett

Answer 22

cognitive psychology; people remember how a story “should” end - memory is not a photograph

Question 23

cognitive psychology

Answer 23

study of mental processes, like memory, thought, and reasoning

Question 24

Karl Lashley

Answer 24

cognitive neuroscience; removed parts of rat brains and took them through a maze

Question 25

John Garcia

Answer 25

evolutionary psychology; rats associate food with nausea without any environmental influence

Question 26

evolutionary psychology

Answer 26

some abilities and behaviors are preserved in us over time by natural selection

Question 27

Norman Triplett

Answer 27

social psychology; cyclists rode faster when riding with peers

Question 28

cultural psychology

Answer 28

study of how cultures reflect and shape the psychological processes of their members

Question 29

Margaret Mead

Answer 29

cultural psychology; traveled to New Guinea to study cultural differences in behavior and practices