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ANSC 326 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is feed conversion ratio

A

Using less feed but getting more gains

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2
Q

How do we feed nonruminant

A

Ingredients are blended together to meet the nutrient requirement, at the same time be cheap

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3
Q

No ingredient contains all of the nutrients

A

True

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4
Q

Most software formulates diets based on a least cost algorithm. When requirements are met, the computer will use cheapest ingredients

A

True

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5
Q

Animals consume feed largely to meet the energy demand. When intake meets energy demand, it must all meet other nutrient to achieve feeding objective

A

True

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6
Q

What are the 4 feeding objective

A

Growth
Production
Maintenance
Reproduction

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7
Q

Animals have requirements for essential and non-essential amino acids. Requirements are set for total crude proteins and limiting amino acid

A

True

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8
Q

Sometimes used to provide a more tailored amino acid profile, so that total dietary protein can be reduced

A

Crystalline amino acid

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9
Q

Essential fatty acid requirements are met through what content

A

oil content

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10
Q

What is often added to provide energy and control dust

A

Dietary fat

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11
Q

There is no practical requirement for crude fat

A

True

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12
Q

What should you add for a diet to have lot of energy

A

Fat source

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13
Q

Ground limestone produces what?

A

Calcium

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14
Q

Dicalcium phosphate produces what

A

Phosphorus

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15
Q

2 Important minerals for bone health

A

Calcium and Phosphorus

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16
Q

What is typically provide an excess to insure that adequate dietary intake is achieved

A

Vitamin premix

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17
Q

Are mineral premixes provided in excess, especially trace minerals

A

No

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18
Q

What are the non-nutritive additives (6)

A

Growth promotants
Pellets binders
Coloring agents
Flavor enhancer
Vaccines
Therapeutics

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19
Q

Poor marginal quality protein source may require?

A

Crystalline amino acid

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20
Q

Achieving higher energy densities may require?

A

Fat source

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21
Q

Is a chemical compound that the animal needs to live and grow

A

Nutrients

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22
Q

Raw compounds are consumed by the animal and then synthesized into what is needed

A

Nonessential

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23
Q

Animal consumes the compound and it is used directly

A

Essential

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24
Q

Maintain normal body function without gain or loss of body weight

A

Maintenance

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25
Q

Raise animals for their product

A

Growth

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26
Q

Nutrient intake necessary to support processes beyond maintenance
Such include: hair, milk and eggs

A

Production

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27
Q

How are other requirements met

A

Premixes and practical ingrediants

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28
Q

What are the 6 nutrient groups?

A

Water
Carbohydrates
Fats/Lipids
Protein/amino acids
Vitamins
Minerals

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29
Q

Main function of Carbohydrate?

A

To provide energy to the animal

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30
Q

How much does carbohydrate make up in dry weight of many animals

A

75%

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31
Q

How much does carbohydrate make up in swine and poultry diets

A

70 - 80 %

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32
Q

Carbohydrate is comprised of what?

A

C, H, O

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33
Q

Nearly completely digestible

A

Cell contents

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34
Q

30 - 80% digestible

A

Cell wall

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35
Q

what decreases digestibility

A

Lignin

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36
Q

Non branched

A

Cellulose

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37
Q

Branched

A

Hemicellulose

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38
Q

Are starch and sugars structural or non structural

A

Non structural

39
Q

What are Lipids comprised of

A

C, H, O

40
Q

How many times more energy dense is lipids than carbohydrate

A

2.25 times

41
Q

Are lipids soluble or insoluble in water

A

insoluble

42
Q

What are considered when choosing fat source (3)

A

Prices
Digestibility
Impact of fat on carcass characteristics

43
Q

How are fats used in Nursery Diets

A

Unsaturated fats are used due to it being more digestible (oil) but have unfavorable impact on carcass

44
Q

How are fats used in Grow/finish diets

A

More animal fats are used, highly saturated fats thus have a good impact on carcass

45
Q

De novo

A

to be synthesized

46
Q

The more fat is supplements, the less de novo synthesis will take place

A

True

47
Q

What is the limiting amino acids in cattle

A

Methionine, lysine

48
Q

What is the limiting amino acids in swince

A

Lysine

49
Q

What is the limiting amino acids in poultry

A

Methionine and Cystine

50
Q

Limiting amino acids if not present, limits the utilization of other amino acids

A

True

51
Q

What are the function of proteins

A

protection, enzymes, hormones, transport

52
Q

Some essential amino acids are precursors for non essential amino acids

A

True

53
Q

How are amino acids joined together

A

peptides bond

54
Q

Required organic substances, some of which can be synthesized in the body

A

Vitamins

55
Q

Inorganic, solid, crystalline compounds which cannot be chemically synthesized

A

Minerals

56
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins

A

A, D, E, K

57
Q

What type of vitamins are stored in the tissues

A

Fat soluble vitamins

58
Q

What are the water soluble vitamins

A

B complex vitamins, niacin, folic acid, vitamin C

59
Q

What type of vitamin is not stored in the tissues, thus must be constantly supplied

A

Water soluble vitamins

60
Q

Types of minerals that is needed in large quantity are called? Measured in percent (%)

A

Macrominerals

61
Q

Types of minerals that is needed in small quantity are called? Measured in ppm

A

Microminerals

62
Q

What is the name of the molecule that stores P in plants, rendering the P unavailable to nonruminants?

A

Phytate

63
Q

How much water are embryo made up of

A

90%

64
Q

How much water are newborn made up of

A

80%

65
Q

How much water are adult made up of

A

60%

66
Q

Dangers of water loss (5)

A

Impaired thermoregulation (1%)
Dry mouth (3%)
Difficulty concentrating, headache (5%)
Loss leading to disturbance of body function (10%)
Death (20%)

67
Q

What is the rule of thumb of water consumption

A

2-3 x Feed intake

68
Q

Does Gestating and Lactating sow require more water? Why?

A

Yes, because of milk production

69
Q

Where does majority of absorption take place

A

Small intestine

70
Q

No energy required

A

Passive transport

71
Q

Require energy in the form of ATP

A

Active transport

72
Q

Involves the cell pinching part of the cell wall

A

Pinocytosis

73
Q

What are the two types of passive transport

A

Simple diffusion
Facillitated diffusion

74
Q

Passage across a plasma membrane along the concentration gradient

A

Simple diffusion

75
Q

Passage across a plasma membrane with help from a carrier/transport protein

A

Facilitated diffusion

76
Q

What are the 3 requirements for active transport

A
  1. passage of molecule against the concentration gradient
  2. Require a carrier protein
  3. Require energy
77
Q

Each villi is covered with enterocytoes and mucus producing

A

Goblet cells

78
Q

Crypts are found between where

A

villi

79
Q

All essential amino acids must be met by formulating the needs first limiting amino acid

A

True

80
Q

The amino acid that will be become deficient first as dietary crude protein is reduced

A

The first liminting amino acid

81
Q

What the the first limiting amino acid in swine

A

Lysine

82
Q

What is the first liminting amino acid in poultry

A

Methionine

83
Q

Do not require protein per se, but rather certain quantities of several essential amino acids

A

Non-ruminant animals

84
Q

The dietary requirement is determined based on physiological need

A

True

85
Q

What content in grain is ignored when formulating a diet to meet or exceed the requirements

A

Vitamins

86
Q

Purchases premixes to be added into the diet at relatively low inclusion levels

A

Feed Mills

87
Q

Formulate and blend premixes that are then sold to feed mills

A

Premix Mills

88
Q

The requirement of glycine and serine can be met.

A

True

89
Q

Methionine can be use to make cystine, but cystine cannot be used to make methionine. Methionine requirement must be my methionine.

A

True

90
Q

What are the advantages of pellet

A

Less is fed, more gain
Digestibility is higher
Reduction of food waste due to reduction of selective eating
Reduces pathogens because pelleting requires heating
Reduces bulkiness

91
Q

Feed bridging is caused by what?

A

Feed size it to fine/small

92
Q

Smaller particle size allows better digestibility but can cause bridging and stomach ulcers to swine

A

True

93
Q

Which is more consistent Roller Mill or Hammer Mill

A

Roller mill produces more consistent feed size

ANSC 326 (4 decks)

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