Exam 1 Flashcards
What does NATA stand for?
National Athletic Trainers’ Association
What 3 steps/milestones do you need to complete before you can become an ATC?
- Accredited graduate program
- Certification (BOC)
- State licensure
What are the 5 Professional Domains of Athletic Training?
- Injury & Illness prevention & wellness promotion
- Examination, assessment, & diagnosis
- Immediate & emergency care
- Therapeutic interventions
- Healthcare administration & professional responsibility
The model of AT in which an AT is employed by a clinic or hospital, and is outsourced to a HS or athletic team (removing conflict of being employed by a team/coach) is known as…
Medical model
What 4 organizations make up the AT strategic alliance?
- BOC
- CAATE
- NATA
- NATA REF
The two main methods/approaches to conducting/organizing PPEs are…
- Station approach
- Personal physician
What is the only blood borne pathogen with a vaccine?
Hepatitis B
What is another name for “heat rash”?
Miliaria Rubra
What does HIPAA stand for?
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
There are two main signs that will distinguish someone with heat stroke compared to heat exhaustion. What are they?
- CNS Dysfunction
- Rectal temperature ≥ 105
Name two structural properties that are specific to cervical vertebra
- Bifurcated spinous process (forks)
- Transverse foremen
- Small bodies
_________ loading, places the spine in a dangerous position and makes the vertebra more susceptible to compressive forces
Axial
A defect in the pars interarticularis or the arch between superior and inferior articular processes, also know as Scotty dog fx., is called
Spondylolysis
Narrowing of the vertebral canal in the cervical region that impinges the spinal cord, or of the intervertebral foramen that impinges nerve roots is known as
stenosis
What happens to the nucleus pulposus during a disk herniation? Name 2 typical mechanisms of injury for this type of injury?
- The nucleus pulposus herniates/abnormally protrudes through posterior annulus fibrosis
- Forward bending, rotation, chronic degeneration
True or false: A concussion is a bruise to the brain?
False
- That’s a cerebral contusion
The consequence of returning an athlete to competition too soon (i.e. the same day), where an athlete is at increased risk of significant life-threatening injury due to a second concussion is know as…
Secondary impact syndrome
The frontal lobe of the brain is responsible for what functions?
- Movement
- Behavior
What does CTE stand for?
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
How often should you reevaluate an athlete that you suspect to have a concussion?
Every 5-15 minutes; no longer than 20 minutes
Name this type of force:
➡️◼️
◼️⬅️
Shear
What does RICE stand for?
- Rest
- Ice
- Compression
- Elevate
What are the 4 mechanisms of heat transfer/dissipation? And what’s the most effective method for the body to cool itself?
- Conduction
- Convection
- Radiation
- Evaporation (most effective)
What are the 3 most common types of spine boarding techniques?
- 8 person lift
- Log roll
- Scoop
Low blood sodium associated with exercising for long periods of time is known as…
Hyponatremia
Reasons for Preparticipation Exams
- Ensure health & safety of the athlete
- Reduce likelihood of negative events
Goals for Preparticipation Exams
- Identify those with contradictions to physical activity/exercise
- Identify those who need formal evaluation/physical clearance
- Identify those who need medical supervision during physical activity
- Identify other significant health concerns
Why are Preparticipation Exams important?
- Effective at recognizing unsuspected heart disease
- Reduces sudden cardiac deaths among athletes
FERPA
Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act
Why are PPE’s done 6 weeks before first competition?
- Allows time for follow up and for rehab of injuries identified
- Allows time for referral
Components of PPE
- Medical history
- Vitals
- CV/Pulmonary
- Musculoskeletal
- Neurological
- Eyes
- Dental
- Lab tests
- Physical Fitness
PPE: Hypertension
- 90-95% of all cases
~ Genetic/lifestyle - Persistent elevation of BP measured 2 separate times at least 2 weeks apart
PPE: Sickle Cell
- Sickle Cell Trait testing mandated by NCAA in 2010
~ 75% reduction in deaths
Emergency Action Plan (EAP)
Blueprint for handling emergencies
- Written document that’s approved and revised that features an exact plan on what to do if an emergency were to arise
On Field Assessment: Primary
- General impression/Loss of Consciousness
- Airway
- Breathing
- Circulation
- Bleeding
- Shock
On Field Assessment: Secondary
- Vitals
- Skin color
- Pulse Ox
- Pupils
- Movement
- Abnormal Nerve Response
When should a face mask be removed?
ASAP after an athlete is suspected of having a spinal injury, even if conscious - Airway/Rescue breathing
What does POLICE stand for?
Protect
Optimal Loading
Ice
Compression
Elevation
Vacuum Splint
Rapid form immobilizer
- Styrofoam chips sealed in airtight sleeve
- Moldable with velcro straps
- Needs to be checked frequently for leaks
Air Splint
- Clear plastic splint
- Provides moderate pressure & can be
x-rayed though - Needs to be checked frequently for leaks
Half-Ring Splint
- Femoral fractures
- Open fractures
SAM Splint
- Structural aluminum that’s malleable
- Smaller adults & children
Splinting
Splint joints above and below fractures
- Tibial Fracture: splint ankle & knee
- Femur Fracture: splint knee & hip
- Shoulder Fracture: sling
- Upper arm & elbow Fracture: splint in extension
- Lower arm & wrist Fracture: splint in elbow flexion/sling
- Spine/Low back/pelvis Fracture: spine board
Spondylolisthesis
- Degenerative
- Causes foward subluxation
- Common in girls
Tension
Pulling action trying to change the structure
Compression
A pushing action tending to shorten the structure
Shear
Forces that act parallel to the surface of the structure
Bending
Combination of tension on one side and compression on the other side
Torsion
Twisting is opposite directions
Tendinopathy
Tendinitis and Tendinosis
Tendinitis
Inflammation of tendon
Tendinosis
Micro tear/degeneration
Tenosynovitis
Inflammation of synovial sheath
Myositis Ossificans
Bone (calcium) deposited in muscle
Calcific Tendinitis
Bone (calcium) deposited in tendon
Transverse Fx
- Straight line
- Direct blow
Spiral Fx
- S shaped
- Rotational/torsion
Oblique Fx
- Line is oblique to long axis of bone
- One end twists while other is fixed
Depression Fx
- Head
- Blow or fall
Greenstick Fx
- Incomplete break in bone
- Bending or torsion
- More common in children due to flexibility
Impacted Fx
- Opposite sides of fracture are compressed together
- Compression
Longitudinal Fx
- Along length of bone
- Landing from tall heights
Avulsion Fx
- Separation of bone from its attachment
- Twisting or stretching with too much force
Stress Fx
- Repeated stress, overload, & change in surface/activity
- Poor biomechanics, posture, strength, & mobility
Force
Push or pull action on the body or object
- Acceleration: change in velocity
- Deformation: change in shape
BBP Mode of Transmission: Percutaneous
Direct inoculation by piercing through skin barrier
BBP Mode of Transmission: Direct Inoculation
Exposure of blood or OPIM to pre-existing wounds or rashes
BBP Mode of Transmission: Mucous Membrane Contact
Splashing into an individual’s unprotected eyes, nose, or mouth
All of the following must be present for potential BBP exposure:
- Infected source
- Entry site
- Route of transmission
- Susceptible person
