Exam 1

Question 1

sound travels as waves that are detected by _________ receptors. The vibration created by the sound waves are transferred to the _______ membrane which is attached to the _______.

Answer 1

Mechanoreceptors, tympanic membrane, BLANK

Question 2

context: sound traveling in the ear
The _______ attached to the ______ window, which is the entrance to the fluid filled ________. The ________ is the organ for hearing and is located within the ________ membrane, located within the cochlea.

Answer 2

ossicles, oval, BLANK, olithi, basilar,

Question 3

Context: sound traveling in the ear
_______ cells contain ______receptors which translate cochlear fluid vibrations into action potentials. these cells upon bending towards the tallest member release ______, causing depolarization and opening ______ voltage gated channels, which trigger the release of _____, causing an action potential.

Answer 3

BLANK, Mechanoreceptors, BLANK, BLANK, BLANK

Question 4

during the stress response _______ is secreted from the hypothalamus to stimulate secretions of ACTH in the ____ pituitary.

Answer 4

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), anterior

Question 5

during stress response ACTH acts to stimulate the secretion of _______ from the ______ ________ of the adrenal _______ ro regulate metabolism via a _____ receptor.

Answer 5

cortisol, BLANK, BLANK, BLANK, BLANK

Question 6

a stressor can cause the hypothalamus to stimulate the _______ nervous system, which stimulates the adrenal ________ to secrete _________ and ________.

Answer 6

sympathetic, medulla, epinephrine, norepinephrine

Question 7

during stress response epinephrine and norepinephrine are ________ and act via _______ receptors. stress can cause increased _________ releases from the ________ pituitary, which controls blood flow.

Answer 7

BLANK, BLANK, BLANK, BLANK,

Question 8

what happens to the pupil under red light conditions?

Answer 8

BLANK

Question 9

what happens to the photoreceptors under red light conditions?

Answer 9

BLANK

Question 10

what happens to the disc of the rod in the eye under red light conditions?

Answer 10

BLANK

Question 11

what happens to the Cones in the eye under red light conditions?

Answer 11

BLANK

Question 12

what happens to the retina under red light conditions?

Answer 12

BLANK

Question 13

calculate normal equilibrium potential for potassium.

Answer 13

BLANK

Question 14

calculate equilibrium potential for potassium if extracellular potassium were to be increased to 40mM

Answer 14

BLANK

Question 15

what normally determines membrane potential?

Answer 15

BLANK

Question 16

True or false: myelin slows the speed of transmission in an axon

Answer 16

false

Question 17

True or false: acetlycholine can bind to more than one type of receptor and cause different actions on different cells

Answer 17

true

Question 18

True or false: integrating neurons are more abundant than motor neurons

Answer 18

true

Question 19

True or false: during the peak of the action potential the concentration of sodium inside the cell is much greater than the concentration of sodium outside the cell

Answer 19

false

Question 20

True or false: during the peak of the action potential the concentration of potassium inside the cell is much greater than the concentration outside the cell

Answer 20

true

Question 21

True or false: equilibrium potential is larger for potassium than sodium during the peak of action potential

Answer 21

false

Question 22

True or false: the hypothalamus is a major regulator of muscle activity

Answer 22

true

Question 23

Function and location of: somatosensory cortex

Answer 23

function: responds to pain and touch
location: BLANK

Question 24

Function and location of: occipital lobe

Answer 24

function: innervates and processes visual input
location: BLANK

Question 25

Function and location of: premotor cortex

Answer 25

function: planning of movement and complex planning location: BLANK

Question 26

Function and location of: prefrontal association cortex

Answer 26

function: speech recognition and language location: BLANK

Question 27

Function and location of: temporal lobe

Answer 27

function: BLANK location: BLANK

Question 28

Describe the regulation of the heart beat and heart contractility by the autonomic nervous system under resting conditions and during intense exercise. (be specific as to signalling molecules, receptores, changes during exercise)

Answer 28

PARAGRAPH ANSWER

Question 29

Draw 2 Neurons, pre and post synaptic. label key functional parts.

Answer 29

can't add pictures without paying. just google images I guess

Question 30

Draw the electrical changes in a neuron during an action potential

Answer 30

google images I guess

Question 31

describe changes of action potential and explain what happens to Na and K permeability at each phase of action potential. explain what causes these changes