exam 1

Question 1

which is NOT a part of the upper respiratory tract?

a. bronchial tree
b. tonsils
c. pharynx
d. glottis

Answer 1

A - lower respiratory tract

Question 2

what is most likely the cause of allergic rhinitis?

a. influenza A
b. candida
c. pet dander
e. inflammation

Answer 2

c

Question 3

a client presents with a hoarse voice when speaking. the most likely diagnosis related to the symptom is?

a. laryngitis
b. pharyngitis
c. sinusitis
d. rhinitis

Answer 3

a

Question 4

a nurse is teaching a newly diagnosed client with asthma. which class of medication do we use to treat acute asthma attacks?

a. long-acting beta agonists
b. anti-cholinergic
c. inhaled corticosteroid
d. short-acting beta agonists

Answer 4

d

Question 5

the nurse is administering cromolyn. what is the MOA of this med?

a. stabilize membranes of mast cells and prevent inflammatory substances from being released
b. binds to H1 receptors and blocks the release of histamine
c. blocks the effect of acetylcholine and inhibits bronchoconstriction and mucus production
d. increases the levels of the cAMP enzyme phosphodiesterase and stimulates CNS and CVD systems

Answer 5

a

b- mass cell stabilizer
d- xanthine derivative

Question 6

the nurse is caring for a client with aspiration pna. what statement about this condition is correct?

a. there must be evidence of emesis in a culture and sensitivity
b. the higher the pH, or more basic the aspirate is, the more severe the inflammatory response
c. aspiration pna is usually caused by a virus
d. dysphagia evaluations and the PPI meds helps to prevent aspiration pna

Answer 6

d

b= lower pH NOT higher

Question 7

which type of atypical pna is caused by fungus?

a. legionella pna
b. aspergillus pna
c. mycoplasma pna
d. streptococcus pna

Answer 7

B

a: water
c: atypical
d: NOT atypical

Question 8

the nurse is caring for a client with emphysema. what is the major mechanism of airflow limitation in this condition?

a. hyper secretion of mucus, inflammation of bronchial membranes and bronchial constriction
b. persistent productive cough and inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles
c. loss of elastic recoil and permanent enlargement of air spaces in terminal bronchioles
d. collapsed alveoli and bronchiole’s filled with infectious mucus

Answer 8

c

a: asthma
d: chronic bronchitis

Question 9

which is a normal hgb value for adult female?

Answer 9

12-16 g/dL

Question 10

what type of hypersensitivity reaction is caused by blood incompatibility?

Answer 10

type II

Question 11

what is the primary problem with erythrocytes that are sickle-shaped?

a. ineffective oxygen binding
b. lack of hgb
c. life span of 120 days
d. they contain extra iron

Answer 11

a

Question 12

PICA is a manifestation of which type of anemia

Answer 12

iron deficiency

Question 13

when giving folic acid to treat anemia, a client develops confusion. the nurse suspects which condition?

Answer 13

B-12 deficiency

Question 14

which is a risk for polycythemia?

a. low iron
b. chronic hypoxia
c. CKD
d. pregnancy

Answer 14

b

a, c, d: anemia

Question 15

HIV uses various enzymes during reproduction. the enzyme that allows the virus to insert its viral DNA into the DNA of the CD4 cell is what?

a. protease
b. reverse transcriptase
c. ribonuclease
d. integrase

Answer 15

b. reverse transcriptase

Question 16

T/F: reactivity of a PPD skin test in someone with HIV could result in a false negative

Answer 16

TRUE

Question 17

which of the following body fluids have been proven to transmit HIV? SATA.

a. saliva
b. tears
c. vaginal secretions
d. blood
e. breast milk
f. semen

Answer 17

c. vaginal secretions
d. blood
e. breast milk
f. semen

Question 18

how does HIV works in the body?

Answer 18

virus hijacks immune cells to make HIV particles, then kills those same immune cells

Question 19

non movable white stripes on the sides of the tongue. which oral manifestation would you suspect?

a. kaposi’s sarcoma
b. herpes simplex
c. oral hairy leukoplakia
d. thrush

Answer 19

C

thrush is on TOP of tongue

Question 20

a client is started on zidovudine. which lab test should be monitored closely?

a. lipids
b. serum immunoglobulin
c. serum glucose
d. CBC

Answer 20

d

Question 21

a patient taking protease inhibitor complains “I’m so hungry and thirsty all the time. im urinating twice an hour!” the nurse suspects:

a. pancreatic infiltration
b. allergic reaction
c. nonadherence
d. hyperglycemia

Answer 21

hyperglycemia

Question 22

you are reviewing the discharge instructions and medications for your 12-year-old patient. which medication prescription would lead you to call the provider for clarification?

a. amoxicillin + clauvanic acid
b. penicillin G
c. cefazolin
d. ciprofloxacin

Answer 22

d. cipro

causes joint disease, tendon rupture
not for < 18 or > 60

Question 23

a nurse is providing education about doxycycline. which statement by the patient best demonstrates understanding of the administration of this med?

a. tetracycline is pregnancy safe
b. I should take an antacid, such as tums, if I experience GI distress
c. I should take this abx with a Ca supplement to improve absorption
d. I should not take this med with milk or other dairy products

Answer 23

d

Question 24

the nurse is administering gentamicin to a pt with a severe infection. the drug is known to have a narrow therapeutic index. when is an appropriate time to give the meds?

a. only if pt has symptoms of toxicity
b. 8-12 hours after a completed dose
c. 30 minutes after infusion complete
d. every 48 hours

Answer 24

b

trough: lowest amount of drug in system
or 30 min prior to next dose

peak: high amount of drug in system
or 30 min after first dose completed

Question 25

the nurse is administering aztreonam for a severe infection abscess in the spinal cord. what class of meds?

a. fluroquinolones
b. 5th gen cephalosporins
c. monobactams
d. carbapenems

Answer 25

c