exam 1 Flashcards
which is NOT a part of the upper respiratory tract?
a. bronchial tree
b. tonsils
c. pharynx
d. glottis
A - lower respiratory tract
what is most likely the cause of allergic rhinitis?
a. influenza A
b. candida
c. pet dander
e. inflammation
c
a client presents with a hoarse voice when speaking. the most likely diagnosis related to the symptom is?
a. laryngitis
b. pharyngitis
c. sinusitis
d. rhinitis
a
a nurse is teaching a newly diagnosed client with asthma. which class of medication do we use to treat acute asthma attacks?
a. long-acting beta agonists
b. anti-cholinergic
c. inhaled corticosteroid
d. short-acting beta agonists
d
the nurse is administering cromolyn. what is the MOA of this med?
a. stabilize membranes of mast cells and prevent inflammatory substances from being released
b. binds to H1 receptors and blocks the release of histamine
c. blocks the effect of acetylcholine and inhibits bronchoconstriction and mucus production
d. increases the levels of the cAMP enzyme phosphodiesterase and stimulates CNS and CVD systems
a
b- mass cell stabilizer
d- xanthine derivative
the nurse is caring for a client with aspiration pna. what statement about this condition is correct?
a. there must be evidence of emesis in a culture and sensitivity
b. the higher the pH, or more basic the aspirate is, the more severe the inflammatory response
c. aspiration pna is usually caused by a virus
d. dysphagia evaluations and the PPI meds helps to prevent aspiration pna
d
b= lower pH NOT higher
which type of atypical pna is caused by fungus?
a. legionella pna
b. aspergillus pna
c. mycoplasma pna
d. streptococcus pna
B
a: water
c: atypical
d: NOT atypical
the nurse is caring for a client with emphysema. what is the major mechanism of airflow limitation in this condition?
a. hyper secretion of mucus, inflammation of bronchial membranes and bronchial constriction
b. persistent productive cough and inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles
c. loss of elastic recoil and permanent enlargement of air spaces in terminal bronchioles
d. collapsed alveoli and bronchiole’s filled with infectious mucus
c
a: asthma
d: chronic bronchitis
which is a normal hgb value for adult female?
12-16 g/dL
what type of hypersensitivity reaction is caused by blood incompatibility?
type II
what is the primary problem with erythrocytes that are sickle-shaped?
a. ineffective oxygen binding
b. lack of hgb
c. life span of 120 days
d. they contain extra iron
a
PICA is a manifestation of which type of anemia
iron deficiency
when giving folic acid to treat anemia, a client develops confusion. the nurse suspects which condition?
B-12 deficiency
which is a risk for polycythemia?
a. low iron
b. chronic hypoxia
c. CKD
d. pregnancy
b
a, c, d: anemia
HIV uses various enzymes during reproduction. the enzyme that allows the virus to insert its viral DNA into the DNA of the CD4 cell is what?
a. protease
b. reverse transcriptase
c. ribonuclease
d. integrase
b. reverse transcriptase
T/F: reactivity of a PPD skin test in someone with HIV could result in a false negative
TRUE
which of the following body fluids have been proven to transmit HIV? SATA.
a. saliva
b. tears
c. vaginal secretions
d. blood
e. breast milk
f. semen
c. vaginal secretions
d. blood
e. breast milk
f. semen
how does HIV works in the body?
virus hijacks immune cells to make HIV particles, then kills those same immune cells
non movable white stripes on the sides of the tongue. which oral manifestation would you suspect?
a. kaposi’s sarcoma
b. herpes simplex
c. oral hairy leukoplakia
d. thrush
C
thrush is on TOP of tongue
a client is started on zidovudine. which lab test should be monitored closely?
a. lipids
b. serum immunoglobulin
c. serum glucose
d. CBC
d
a patient taking protease inhibitor complains “I’m so hungry and thirsty all the time. im urinating twice an hour!” the nurse suspects:
a. pancreatic infiltration
b. allergic reaction
c. nonadherence
d. hyperglycemia
hyperglycemia
you are reviewing the discharge instructions and medications for your 12-year-old patient. which medication prescription would lead you to call the provider for clarification?
a. amoxicillin + clauvanic acid
b. penicillin G
c. cefazolin
d. ciprofloxacin
d. cipro
causes joint disease, tendon rupture
not for < 18 or > 60
a nurse is providing education about doxycycline. which statement by the patient best demonstrates understanding of the administration of this med?
a. tetracycline is pregnancy safe
b. I should take an antacid, such as tums, if I experience GI distress
c. I should take this abx with a Ca supplement to improve absorption
d. I should not take this med with milk or other dairy products
d
the nurse is administering gentamicin to a pt with a severe infection. the drug is known to have a narrow therapeutic index. when is an appropriate time to give the meds?
a. only if pt has symptoms of toxicity
b. 8-12 hours after a completed dose
c. 30 minutes after infusion complete
d. every 48 hours
b
trough: lowest amount of drug in system
or 30 min prior to next dose
peak: high amount of drug in system
or 30 min after first dose completed
the nurse is administering aztreonam for a severe infection abscess in the spinal cord. what class of meds?
a. fluroquinolones
b. 5th gen cephalosporins
c. monobactams
d. carbapenems
c
