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chemistry > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

the branch of science that deals with the identification of the substances of which they interact, combine, and change; and the use of these processes to form new substances

A

definition of chemistry

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2
Q

anything that occupies space

A

matter

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3
Q

it is a list of physical and chemistry aspects

A

properties

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4
Q

has a definite (constant) composition and distant properties

A

substance

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5
Q

of or relating to chemistry or a substance with a distinct properties that is produced by or used in a chemical process

A

chemical

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6
Q

examples of chemicals

A

H2O
CO2
ethanol

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7
Q

a method of procedure that has characterized natural science since the 17th century, consisting in systemic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypothesis

A

scientific method

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8
Q

a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation

A

hypothesis

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9
Q

an experiment is an orderly procedure carried out with the goal of verifying, refuting, or establishing the validity of a hypothesis

A

scientific experiment

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10
Q

is a well substantiated explanation of some aspects of the natural world, based on knowledge that has been repeatedly confirmed through observation and experimentation

A

scientific theory

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11
Q

statement based on repeated experimental observations that describes some aspect of the world

A

scientific law

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12
Q

2 or more atoms attached together in a specific geometrical arrangement, these attachments are called bonds

A

molecules

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13
Q

are attractive forces that hold atoms together

A

bonds

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14
Q

basic unit of a chemical element

A

atom

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15
Q

the rearrangements of atoms to form new substances

A

chemical reaction

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16
Q

mass neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions so we use coefficients to balance the mass

A

law of conversion of mass

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17
Q

Al

A

aluminum

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18
Q

Ar

A

argon

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19
Q

Ba

A

barium

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20
Q

B

A

boron

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21
Q

Br

A

Bromine

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22
Q

Ca

A

calcium

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23
Q

C

A

carbon

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24
Q

As

A

arsenic

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25
Q

Cd

A

cadmium

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26
Q

Fr

A

francium

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27
Q

Sr

A

strontium

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28
Q

Kr

A

krypton

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29
Q

As

A

arsenic

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30
Q

Cl

A

chlorine

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31
Q

F

A

fluorine

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32
Q

He

A

Helium

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33
Q

H

A

Hydrogen

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34
Q

I

A

iodine

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35
Q

Li

A

lithium

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36
Q

Mg

A

magnesium

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37
Q

Be

A

beryllium

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38
Q

Co

A

cobalt

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39
Q

Ne

A

neon

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40
Q

Cs

A

cesium

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41
Q

Xe

A

xeon

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42
Q

Mn

A

manganese

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43
Q

N

A

nitrogen

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44
Q

O

A

oxygen

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45
Q

P

A

Phosphorus

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46
Q

Si

A

Silicon

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47
Q

S

A

sulfur

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48
Q

Zn

A

zinc

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49
Q

U

A

uranium

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50
Q

Cr

A

chromium

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51
Q

Ni

A

nickel

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52
Q

Pt

A

platinum

53
Q

Rn

A

radon

54
Q

Cu

A

copper

55
Q

Fe

A

iron

56
Q

Pb

A

lead

57
Q

Hg

A

mercury

58
Q

K

A

potassium

59
Q

Ag

A

silver

60
Q

Na

A

sodium

61
Q

Au

A

gold

62
Q

Sn

A

tin

63
Q

Ti

A

titanium

64
Q

Sb

A

antimony

65
Q

Sn

A

tin

66
Q

can not be separated by physical means

A

pure substance

67
Q

can not be chemically broken down into simpler substances (make up everything)

A

element

68
Q

combination of two or more elements (different)

A

compound

69
Q

can be separated by physical means (combination of substances)

A

mixture

70
Q

composition of the mixture is uniform throughout

A

homogeneous mixture

71
Q

composition is not uniform

A

heterogeneous mixture

72
Q

most common type of fatal air poisoning in many countries

A

carbon monoxide

73
Q

third most common gas in the atmosphere

A

carbon monoxide

74
Q

what is the capacity to do work

A

energy

75
Q

push or pull on an object

A

force

76
Q

energy of motion

A

kinetic energy

77
Q

form of kinetic energy because it is caused by molecular motion

A

thermal energy (heat)

78
Q

(J) the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water

A

joule

79
Q

1 calorie equals how many joules

A

4.184

80
Q

to have a successful reaction you need

A
  • a collision
  • enough energy
  • the right orientation
81
Q

reactions that absorb heat

A

endothermic reactions

82
Q

reactions that release heat

A

exothermic reactions

83
Q

stored in the bonds

A

potential energy

84
Q

energy released or absorbed in the chemical reaction

A

kinetic energy

85
Q

the “absolute temperature scale” begins at absolute zero and only has positive values

A

kelvin

86
Q

the temp scale used by science, formally called centigrade, most commonly used scale around the world, water freezes at 0* C and boils at 100*C

A

celsius

87
Q

commonly used scale in the US for our weather reports; water freezes at 32F and boils at 212F

A

Fahrenheit

88
Q

things you can count or defined equalities things like 1000mg= 1g or you count 5 coins

A

exact numbers

89
Q

numbers that come from a device that measures things like height, weight, temp

A

measured numbers

90
Q

expressed using numbers (trying to be exact as possible)

A

quantitative

91
Q

expressed using properties (using senses or making general observations)

A

qualitative

92
Q

the closeness of the set of values

A

precision

93
Q

closeness of a single measurements to its true value

A

accuracy

94
Q

Rule #1 for Sig Figs

A

all non zero digits are significant

95
Q

Rule #2 for Sig Figs

A

interior zeros are significant

96
Q

Rule #3 for Sig Figs

A

leading zeros are NOT significant

97
Q

Rule #4 for Sig Figs

A

trailing zeros count if there is a decimal point

98
Q

Rule #5 for Sig Figs

A

trailing zeros may or may not be significant

99
Q

smallest unit of matter that has the characteristics properties of a chemical element

A

atom

100
Q

atoms contain subatomic particles

A
  • protons
  • electrons
  • neutrons
101
Q

what charge do protons have

A

positive

102
Q

what charge do electrons have

A

negative

103
Q

where does most of the size of an atom come from

A

the cloud around the nucleus

104
Q

where is most of the mass contained

A

in the nucleus

105
Q

what is the protons AMU

A

1.007

106
Q

where is the proton located

A

nucleus

107
Q

what is the neutrons AMU

A

1.008

108
Q

where is the neutron located

A

nucleus

109
Q

what is the electrons AMU

A

0.00055

110
Q

where is the electron located

A

outside the nucleus

111
Q

an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons

A

ions

112
Q

positive ions are called

A

cations

113
Q

negative ions are called

A

anions

114
Q

what do metals always form

A

positively charged cations

115
Q

what do nonmetals normally form

A

negatively charged anions

116
Q

two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons

A

isotopes

117
Q

what are isotopes identified by

A

mass number

118
Q

when the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic mass, certain sets of properties periodically

A

periodic law

119
Q
  • solids at room temp, except Hg
  • shiny
  • conduct heat
  • conduct electricity
  • malleable
  • ductile
  • lost electrons and form cations in reactions
  • lower left on the table
A

metals

120
Q
  • poor conductors of heat
  • poor conductors of electricity
  • solids are brittle
  • gain electrons in reactions to become anions
  • upper right on the table
  • except H
A

nonmetals

121
Q

show some properties of metals and some of nonmetals

A

metalloids

122
Q

the weighted average of all the naturally occurring isotopes for that element

A

atomic mass

123
Q

when electrons have been transferred between atoms, resulting in oppositely charged ions that attract each other and have a net charge of zero

A

ionic bonds

124
Q

result when two atoms share some of their electrons

A

covalent bonds

125
Q

elements whose particles are single atoms

A

atomic elements

126
Q

elements whose particles are multi atom molecules

A

molecular element

127
Q

compounds whose particles are molecules made of only nonmetals

A

molecular compounds

128
Q

compounds whose particles are cations and anions this is normally a compound composed of a metal with a nonmetal

A

ionic compounds

chemistry (8 decks)

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