Exam 1 Flashcards
assimilation (and example)
a complete blending, all in while abandoning home country’s culture
ex. chinatown is assimilated when the signs are in the language
acculturation (and example)
adopting enough of the host society’s ways to be able to function, can identify either way while maintaining home country’s culture
ex. chinatown is acculturated when the clothing and signage are in English
race as a social construction
race are the physical/genetic features and how others perceive you, social construct as it was formed to deem what is acceptable/normal in our society
how people are externally defining you, nothing more than this as there is no biological support for the concept of race
5 components of spatial thinking
o Social (ex. people as well as groups/institutions and the decisions we are making)
o Economic
o Political (ex. How the people in power can benefit from their actions against or for climate change)
o Physical/location
o Environment (consider as social, economic, political, and location in one, ex. climate change)
social institutions (definitions and roles)
vehicles that support common cultural goals and objectives, perpetuate culture and ideas, and promote and/or protect the interest of one or more groups by shaping the life experiences of people in places
ex. banks, government, local orgs, religion, etc.
ex. (Mexicans) The federal policies and demand for cheap labor are the actions of American SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS!
- can exclude certain groups (ex. govt = chinese exclusion act)
ethnicity
how you identify, voluntary
it creates “we-ness”, amplifies certain elements of culture as a badge of we-ness
when does ethnicity become race?
race vs. ethnicity: e - self identification and r - physical characteristics
ethnicity can become race during: when you see yourself the same way others see you, identifying on external forces as well as changing your behavior on physical characteristics (social status or employment opportunities)
gateway cities (and examples)
cities that serves as entry ports, or receiving areas, for immigrants
places that they enter to live and work
influenced by ethnic groups who may be different in terms of language, culture, identity
ex. chicago, NYC
race-place connection
when people of the same race are forced or choose to live in the same geographical location, usually negative
- connecting race to a place
cultural landscapes (examples)
physical imprint of culture (ex. signage, material, stores, religious buildings), not always negative/haven’t been racialized by media or law
ex. Asian-Indians – their houses show this as they don’t have front lawns but instead concrete
racialization (examples)
a process in which racial ideology constructs the “other” in various ways to dehumanize them, stereotyping
ex:
Irish
Mexicans (zoot suit riots, refusal of racialization)
Black Americans (black codes, jim crow)
Chinese (dirty, dangerous)
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (and the US INA at this time)
- allowed people living north of river to become US citizens
- first time Mexicans were given same legal recognition as whites
- ended mexican american war
- before this, you had to be a free white person who owned land to become a citizen
1924 INA’s impacts
- limited the number of immigrants allowed entry into the US through a national origin’s quota
- based quota on outdated census of 1890
1965 INA’s impacts
- Placed emphasize on skilled labor
- Emphasize on family reunification (But did not count family reunification in the annual limits!)
- Removed quota system/limits on immigrants
Bracero program (what is it, impacts on US settlement patterns)
permitted millions of Mexican men to work legally in the United States on short-term labor contracts in fields and railroads due to labor shortage
affected settlement as free housing was provided; Southwest states
Operation Bootstrap, 1948 (what is it and impacts)
- increased population growth and urbanization trends
- only incentivized for American corporations, allowed to set up shop in PR to create economic opportunity with tax breaks
- changed Puerto Rican economy from agricultural to industrial through large tax breaks
- eventually was not a success for the country/common folk, only good for the corporations
- temporary propped up economy
who were the Texas Rangers?
- Rangers were originally formed to protect farmers from crime and private property but ended up targeting these refugees
- Media and white hysteria led state government to deploy Texas rangers to border
- They would come onto Mexican American land, wrongly accusing them
- Created by government
what were the impacts of the Texas Rangers?
reinforced white supremacy
caused mexican-americans to be too scared to vote
population characteristics of Latinos in Texas
- large population of Latinos along the borderland counties
- large white population in the rural areas of texas
