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Invertebrate Zoology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Endoderm

A

The inner layer that lines the digestive tract

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2
Q

Gastroderm

A

inner layer of cells that line the digestive tract

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3
Q

Triploblastic

A

An animal with three cellular germ layers: Ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

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4
Q

apical

A

Top of cell

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5
Q

Exocrine cells

A

A gland that makes substances sweat, tears, ect.

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6
Q

Food vacuole

A

membrane-enclosed sac that functions to digest food

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7
Q

Cnidocyte

A

Stinging cells only found in Cnidaria

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8
Q

Choanoflagellate

A

The closest unicellular relatives of Metazoa

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9
Q

flagellum

A

A slender threadlike structure used for locomotive

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10
Q

ctene rows

A

Rows that hold very large cilia, ctene, for locomotion

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11
Q

amebocytes

A

mobile cell that is found within the body of invertebrates

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12
Q

gastrovascular cavity

A

a body cavity created by the endoderm layer; usually in Cnidaria

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13
Q

Bilateral

A

Can be separated in the center and be equal on both sides

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14
Q

Cephalization

A

Formation of head region

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15
Q

Prostomate

A

a group of animals where the mouth is created before the anus

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16
Q

Medusa

A

one of two body types in Cnidarians that looks like a jellyfish; functions to spread the gamates

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17
Q

Colonial

A

A type of asexual reproduction where the constituent individuals are not completely separated and are connected by living extension of their bodies or a material that is secreted.

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18
Q

Anthozoa

A

Cnidarians that have no medusa phrase

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19
Q

Anemone

A

stinging polyps that live on the bottom of the sea

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20
Q

Pharynx

A

Hollow tube inside the neck and created by a fold of the endoderm

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21
Q

Cubozoa

A

A class of phylum full of only Box jellyfish

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22
Q

hypostome

A

Appendage on the mouth

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23
Q

gonads

A

Reproductive organ

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24
Q

stylet

A

A small sharp probe around the mouth

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25
Q

Cerata

A

Horn like structures that are found externally on sea slugs

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26
Q

benthic

A

Living on the bottom of the sea

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27
Q

homologous characteristics

A

Characters in different organisms that are similar because they were inherited from a common ancestor that also had that character

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28
Q

Eidacarian

A

A time period that has the earliest representations of complex multicellular organisms

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29
Q

blastopore

A

Opening to the outside during gastrulation

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30
Q

ancestral

A

A trait that is homologous within a group of organism that come from a common ancestor

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31
Q

exoskeleton

A

Rigid envelope that supports and protects the soft tissues

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32
Q

complete gut

A

having both a mouth and anus that allows a one way flow of food

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33
Q

archenteron

A

A cavity within an animal embryo that has an entrance and forms the animal’s ass and mouth. Then eventually becomes the stomach cavity

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34
Q

box jellyfish

A

A small transparent jellyfish that has a 20 foot long stingers that are deadly.

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35
Q

Littorina

A

Small sea snails aka periwinkles

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36
Q

Colisella

A
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37
Q

pollicipes

A

Goose neck barnacles

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38
Q

nematocyst

A

A large organelle within the cnidocytes to capture prey and defense

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39
Q

mesohyl

A

a thin layer set between the pinacoderm and choanoderm

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40
Q

diploblastic

A

Animals with only two layers; with a third inner layer formed by the ectoderm sometimes

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41
Q

basal

A

Ancestral organism

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42
Q

intracellular digestion

A

A form of digestion that tales place within the cytoplasm of the organisms

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43
Q

choanocyte

A

flagellated cells that help make up the inner surface of sponges( choanoderm)

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44
Q

pinacoderm

A

Outer surface cells of a sponge; made of pinacocytes

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45
Q

microvilli

A

Finger-shaped plasma membrane poking out from the surface of a cell and increases a cell’s surface area for more absorption and secretion

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46
Q

cilia

A

Small slender hair-like structure on the surface of a cell and sweeps out dust and mucus

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47
Q

colloblasts

A

Unique multicellular structures within the tentacles of ctenophores to capture prey

48
Q

spongocoel

A

A central cavity within sponges

49
Q

acontia

A

threads at the base of polyps to protect them

50
Q

radial symmetry

A

Formed similar to a cylinder, where there is one main axis where the various body are placed around

51
Q

deuterstome

A

animals where the anus developed first

52
Q

coelomate

A

Animals that have a body cavity called coelom

53
Q

phagocytosis

A

eating by cell

54
Q

polyp

A

non motile with cylindrical body and long stalk

55
Q

asexual reproduction

A

Reproductive process that does not include the production and fusion of haploid cells

56
Q

hydrozoa

A

Very small and predatory animals with some solitary and some colonial with asexual and sexual reproduction

57
Q

scyphozoan

A

a class within the cnidarians that has a dominate medusa stage

58
Q

myoepithelal cells

A

primitive muscle cells

59
Q

coelenteron

A

gastrovascular cavity in in hydrozoan

60
Q

gonozooid

A

A zooid specialized in reproduction

61
Q

dactylozooid

A

a zooid that specialized in defense. usually having one tentacle.

62
Q

spines (nematocyst)

A
63
Q

Hermissenda

A

seas slugs

64
Q

planktonic

A

Unable to swim against the current

65
Q

homoplasy

A

the development of organs or other bodily structures within different species which resemble each other and have the same function, but no common ancestral origin.

66
Q

Cambrian explosion

A

Unparalleled emergence of organisms between 541 million and 530 mya

67
Q

Cladogram

A

A branching diagram, showing the relationships between taxon

68
Q

derived

A

Having a trait not present in ancestral form

69
Q

suspension feeding

A

removal of suspended food particles from the surrounding area through capture, trapping, or filtration

70
Q

deposit feeding

A

animals that obtained nutrients through sediments of soft-bottom habitats or terrestrial soil.

71
Q

siphonoglyph

A

a ciliated groove at one or both ends of the mouth of sea anemones and some corals that create water currents into the pharynx

72
Q

totipotent

A

the ability of a single cell to divide and produce all the differentiated cells in an organism. i.e spores and zygotes

73
Q

ctinidum

A
74
Q

Tegula

A
75
Q

Chthamalus

A
76
Q

Mytilus

A
77
Q

Metazoa

A

Animalia

78
Q

ctenophora

A

a small phylum of aquatic invertebrates that can be radially or bilaterally; includes comb jellies

79
Q

cnidaria

A

A phylum with radically symmetrical invertebrates with no true body cavity and possesses tentacles with nematocysts

80
Q

porifera

A

Sponges

81
Q

Calcium carbonate

A

A water-insoluble source of calcium

82
Q

hexactinillida

A

Glass sponges

83
Q

calcarea

A

A class of sponges that are small, lack spongin, and skeletons completely made of calcium carbonate

84
Q

Demospongiae

A

a class of sponges with the majority of living sponges with complex structures, and a skeleton of tetraxial, simple siliceous spicules, fibers, or spongin.

85
Q

Sclerostomies

A
86
Q

porocyte

A

Cells that layer the pores within sponges

87
Q

Ostea

A

An opening in a sponge where water enter in

88
Q

Osculum

A

An opening in a sponge form where water is expelled

89
Q

Spongocoel

A

The internal central cavity of a sponge

90
Q

Mesoglea

A

A noncellular jelly-like matrix

91
Q

Spicule (sponges)

A

The structural components of a sponge, aka the bricks.

92
Q

Cnidocil

A

a mechanosensory mechanism on the top surface of cnidocytes

93
Q

Mesoderm

A

An inner cellular germ layer between the ectoderm and endoderm

94
Q

Oral/Aboral axis

A

an axis that starts at the mouth (oral) and ends at the posterior (Aboral)

95
Q

Planula larvae

A

the unique polyp form of Cnidarian

96
Q

Siphonophore

A

member of Cnidarians that include corals, sea anemones, jellyfish, and hydroids. most are colonial, free-swimming or floating, and have specialized zooids. i.e man of war

97
Q

tentacles

A

long flexible structures that stick out around the head or mouth of an animal and used for feeding or grasping.

98
Q

Gastrodermis

A

lines the gastrovascular cavity

99
Q

Cellular level

A

most fundamental level of organization

100
Q

Gastrozooid

A

zooids that specialize in feeding

101
Q

Operculum

A

a hard, plate-like bony flap

102
Q

Nematocyst capsule

A

small elongated capsule only in Cnidarians

103
Q

gastrulation

A

an early developmental process where embryos changes to a multilayered structure, gastrula

104
Q

Planula larva

A

Free-swimming or crawling larva common in Cnidarian

105
Q

Convergent evolution

A

Organisms that are not closely related independently develop similar traits

106
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A

Any cell or organism that has a clearly defined nucleus

107
Q

Synapomorphy

A

A derived shared characteristics within a group that separates them from others.

108
Q

Endoskeelton

A

An internal skeleton or supporting framework

109
Q

Sessile

A

Permanently attached and can not move

110
Q

Germ layers

A

Embryonic tissue layers where al adult structures develop.

111
Q

Bauplan

A

A plan of the essential elements of the bodies of a related group of organisms

112
Q

Invertebrate zoology

A

A sub-discipline of zoology that focuses on invertebrates

113
Q

Balanus

A

Acorn barnacles

114
Q

Mopalia

A
115
Q

Pachygrapsus

A

Common shore crabs

116
Q

Anthopleura

A

Sea anemones; class:Hexacorallia

Invertebrate Zoology (5 decks)

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