Exam #1 Flashcards
1
Q
- Minor Spiral Arm of the Milky Way Galaxy
- 2500 light years across, 10000 light years in length
- Contains the Solar System
A
Orion Arm
2
Q
The point where moon’s orbit is farthest from the Earth
A
Apogee
3
Q
The point where moon’s orbit is closest to the Earth
A
Perigee
4
Q
The recurring increase and decrease in the number of sunspots over a period averaging about eleven years
A
Sunspot Cycle
5
Q
The Lunar hemisphere that is always facing away from the Earth
A
The Dark Side of the Moon
6
Q
The specific type of fusion that occurs inside the Sun
A
Solar Fusion
7
Q
American Space Scientist that was instrumental in establishing the field of magnetospheric researching space
A
James Van Allen
8
Q
Astronomer, planetary scientist, cosmologist, astrophysicist, astrobiologist, author, and science communicator
A pioneer in the field of exobiology and was among the first to determine that life could have existed on Mars
A
Carl Sagan
9
Q
The Northern Lights
A
Aurora Borealis
10
Q
The Southern Lights
A
Aurora Australis
11
Q
The troposphere, stratosphere, and the ionosphere
A
Earth’s Atmosphere
12
Q
A spaceport in southern Kazakhstan
The place where Russia launches their space rockets
A
Baikonur Cosmodrom
13
Q
Defunct human-made objects in space which no longer serve a useful function
A
Space Pollution
14
Q
Reduced-gravity aircraft that provides brief near-weightlessness environments for training astronauts, conducting research and making gravity-free movie shots
A
Vomit Comet
15
Q
The boiling of liquids in the vacuum of space
A
Vacuum Boiling
16
Q
Austro-Hungarian German physicist and engineer
Considered one of the founding fathers of rocketry and astronautics
A
hermann Oberth
17
Q
Is one of NASA’s 10 field centers
NASA’s primary launch center of human spacefight
A
Kennedy Space Center
18
Q
American robotic space probe launched by ANSA
Last spacecraft in its program
A
Mariner 10
19
Q
Thick, toxic atmosphere filled with carbon dioxide and it’s perpetually shrouded in thick, yellowish clouds of sulfuric acid that trap heat, causing a runaway greenhouse effect
A
Atmosphere of Venus
20
Q
A type of intrusive igneous rock composed predominantly of calcium-rich plagioclase feldspar
m o o n r o c k
A
Anorthosite
21
Q
The leading theory stating that a Mars-sized body collided with Earth approximately 4.5 billion years ago, and the resulting debris from both Earth and the impactor accumulated to form our natural satellite
A
Origins of the Moon
22
Q
US Space Force Base in Santa Barbara County, California
Launches spacecrafts from the Western Range, and performs missile testing
A
Vandenberg AFB, CA
23
Q
The two moons of Mars
A
Deimos and Phobos
24
Q
A large shield volcano on Mars
Largest volcano in the Solar System
A
Olympus Mons
25
Four largest Moons of Jupiter, Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto
Galilean Moons
26
The tilt of this planet is at 98 degrees
Looks like the planet is rotating on its side
Possibly the result of a collision with an Earth-sized object long ago
Axis of Uranus
27
a celestial body that orbits the sun, has enough mass to assume a nearly round shape, and has not cleared the neighborhood around its orbit and is not a moon
Dwarf Planets
28
The points of equilibruim for small-mass objects under the influence of two massive orbiting bodies
LaGrange Points
29
They have reached interstellar space
Location of Voyager 1 and 2
30
A dwarf planet in the outer reaches of the Solar System that is in the innermost part of its orbit
Sedna
31
A robot created by the ESA that was designed to land on a comet
Rosetta and Philae
32
A predicted of icy object farther away than everything else in the solar system. It fits with observations of comets in the planetary region of the solar system, but scientists have yet to observe any objects in here
Oort Cloud
33
American Engineer, professor, physicist, and inventor
Credited with creating and building the world’s first liquid-fueled rocket
Dr. Robert Goddard
34
The three basic laws of classical mechanics that describe the relationship between the motion of an object and the forces acting on it
Newton’s 3 Laws of Motion
35
The first large American ballistic missile
In active service with US Army in West Germany from June 1958- June 1964 as part of NATO’s Cold War defense of Western Europe.
Redstone Rocket (IRBM)
36
German and American aerospace engineer and space architect.
Was a member of the Nazi Party and Allgemeine SS
Was the leading figure in the development of rocket technology in Nazi Germany and later a pioneer of rocket and space technology in the US.
Dr. Werner Von Braun
37
A family of US missiles and space launch vehicles
An ICBM program initiated in the late 1950s under the Convair Division of General Dynamics
Atlas Rockets
38
A USAF officer, flying ace, and record-setting test pilot who became the first pilot confirmed to have exceeded the speed of sound in level flight on October 1947
Chuck Yeager
39
First artificial Earth Satellite
Launched into elliptical low Earth orbit by the Soviet Union on 4 October 1957 as part of the Soviet Space Program
Sputnik 1
40
A hypersonic rocket-powered aircraft
Operated by the USAF and NASA as part of the X-plane series of experimental aircraft
X-15A
41
Developed by a team of mostly German rocket engineers and scientists led by Werner von Braun to launch heavy payloads to Earth orbit and beyond
Used liquid hydrogen as fuel in the upper stages
Most powerful rockets in history
Saturn Rockets
42
The first great ape launched into space on 31 January 1961
Flew suborbital flight on the Mercury-Redstone 2 mission, part of the U.S. Space Program’s Project Mercury
Ham the Astrochimp
43
First spacecraft to carry a human, Yuri A. Gagarin, into space, occurring 25 days prior to the first U.S. suborbital flight
Vostok 1 Rocket
44
A Soviet pilot and cosmonaut who became the first human to journey into outer space
Yuri Gagarin
45
The first human spaceflight highlight of the Space Race
It’s goal was to put a man into Earth orbit and return him safely, ideally before the Soviet Union
Mercury Space Program
46
- American astronaut, naval aviator, test pilot, and businessman
- Became the second person and first American in space
Alan Shepard
47
- Government official who served as Undersecretary of State from 1949 to 1952
- Second Administrator of NASA from 14 February 1961 to 7 October 1968
James Webb
48
- Aka Europe's Spaceport
- European spaceport to the northwest of Kourou
- Located approximately 310 miles north of the equator, at a latitude of 5 degrees
Guiana Space Centre
49
- NASA's second human spaceflight program
- Conducted between Projects Mercury and Apollo
- Carried a two-astronaut crew
- 10 crews and 16 individuals flew low Earth orbit missions during 1965 and 1966
Gemini Space Program
50
- Second group of NASA astronauts
The New Nine
51
An uncrewed spacecraft used by NASA during its Gemini program to develop and practice orbital space rendezvous and docking techniques, and to perform large orbital changes, preparation for the Apollo program lunar missions
Agena Target Vehicle
52
- American expendable launch system
- Used to launch twelve Gemini missions for NASA between 1964 and 1966
Titan II GLV
53
The final mission of NASA's Apollo program, the most recent time humans have set foot on the Moon or traveled beyond low Earth orbit. Commander Gene Cernan and Lunar Module Pilot Harrison Schmitt walked on the Moon, while Command Module Pilot Ronald Evans orbited above.
Apollo 17
54
The first crewed international space mission, carried out jointly by the United States and the Soviet Union in July 1975. Millions of people around the world watched on television as a United States spacecraft docked with a Soviet space capsule
Apollo-Soyuz Test Program
55
The first United States space station, launched by NASA, occupied for about 24 weeks between May 1973 and February 1974. It was operated by three separate three-astronaut crews
Skylab
56
Also referred to as a geosynchronous equatorial orbit, is a circular geosynchronous orbit 35,786 km in altitude above Earth's equator and following the direction of Earth's rotation
Geostationary Orbit
57
The first orbiter of the Space Shuttle system. Rolled out on September 17, 1976, it was built for NASA as part of the Space Shuttle program to perform atmospheric test flights after being launched from a modified Boeing 747. It was constructed without engines or a functional heat shield.
Space Shuttle Enterprise
58
American aerospace engineer, retired United States Air Force officer and fighter pilot, and former NASA astronaut, in which capacity he became the second person of African descent to go to space. While assigned to NASA, he remained a USAF officer rising to the rank of colonel.
Guion Bluford
59
American astronaut and physicist. Born in Los Angeles, she joined NASA in 1978, and in 1983 became the first American woman and the third woman to fly in space, after cosmonauts Valentina Tereshkova in 1963 and Svetlana Savitskaya in 1982.
Sally Ride
60
American politician and attorney serving as the administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. He also previously served as a US Senator from Florida
Congressman Bill Nelson
61
formally the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, is a multilateral treaty that forms the basis of international space law.
Outer Space Treaty
62
Manufactured by Rockwell International and operated by NASA. It was named after the commanding ship of a nineteenth-century scientific expedition that traveled the world. On 28 January, 1986, it broke apart 73 seconds into its flight, killing all seven crew members aboard.
Space Shuttle Challenger
63
A space telescope that was launched into low Earth orbit in 1990 and remains in operation. It was not the first space telescope, but it is one of the largest and most versatile, renowned both as a vital research tool and as a public relations boon for astronomy.
Hubble Space Telescope
64
An English theoretical physicist, cosmologist, and author who, at the time of his death, was director of research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology at the University of Cambridge. In 1963, at age 21, Hawking was diagnosed with an early-onset slow-progressing form of motor neurone disease that gradually, over decades, paralysed him.
Stephen Hawking
65
An intergovernmental organisation of 22 member states dedicated to the exploration of space.
European Space Agency
66
an Austrian skydiver, daredevil and BASE jumper. He is widely known for jumping to Earth from a helium balloon from the stratosphere on 14 October 2012 and landing in New Mexico, United States, as part of the Red Bull Stratos project
Felix Baumgartner
67
A Space Shuttle orbiter manufactured by Rockwell International and operated by NASA. The disaster occurred over Texas, and only minutes before it was scheduled to land at the Kennedy Space Center. An investigation later determined the catastrophe was caused by a piece of foam insulation that broke off the shuttle's propellant tank and damaged the edge of the shuttle's left wing.
Space Shuttle Columbia
68
first-ever robotic mission to visit a large near-Earth asteroid, collect a multi-ton boulder from its surface, and redirect it into a stable orbit around the moon. Once it’s there, astronauts will explore it and return with samples in the 2020s. This is part of NASA’s plan to advance the new technologies and spaceflight experience needed for a human mission to the Martian system in the 2030s.
Asteroid Redirect Initiative
69
The largest modular space station in low Earth orbit. The project involves five space agencies: those include the United States' NASA, Russia's Roscosmos, Japan's JAXA, Europe's ESA, and Canada's CSA.
International Space Station
70
The planned cargo launch component of the cancelled NASA Constellation program, which was to have replaced the Space Shuttle after its retirement in 2011. It was also planned to carry supplies for a human presence on Mars
Ares V Rocket
71
The world's first commercial spaceline that allows normal civilians to go into space and experience anti-gravity
Virgin Galactic
72
A partially reusable medium lift launch vehicle that can carry cargo and crew into Earth orbit, produced by American aerospace company SpaceX. The rocket has two stages.
Falcon 9 Rocket
