Exam 1 Flashcards
Sport
Physical activities that involve challenges or comp contests
Physical culture
More inclusive definition of sport
Sign
Something that invites someone to think something other than itself
Shared meaning
Multiple people agreeing on a sign
Semiology
Science of the meaning of signs in our social life
Signifier and signified
Signifier - not physical, the thing
Signified - the actual thing, breaks into connotative and denotive
Denotive —> the thing, first order signification
Connotative —> symbols, second order signification
Characteristics of sport media
- has influence
- sponsorship + programmed —> interactive + personalized + on demand
- represented to us by people of power
- satisfies audience and sponsors
Sport media highlighted values
Action, comp, individual heroism, sacrifice, hard work, pain
How do sport and media have a 2 way relationship
- sport is integrated in many social institutions
- athletes become famous
Ideological themes in media representations of sport
- Success
- Consumption
- Gender
- Race
- Ethnicity
- Nationality
Ideological themes in womens sport media
- Gender marking
- Compulsory heterosexuality
- Appropriate femininity
- Infantalization
- No sport issues
- Sexualization
- Ambivalence
Social issues embedded in mediated sport texts
- Global, national, and local relations
- Race relations
- Gender relations
- Commercialization
- Winning + success
- Drugs
- Violence
Characteristics of critical media analysis
- attitude = skeptical
- approach = humanistic
- assessment = political
- ambition = social justice
Encoding vs decoding and the 3 approaches
Stuart hall
Encoding
- how producers want you to perceive the thing
Decoding
- how you actually see it
Reception theory
3 positions of reception theory
- Dominant —> you see it how they want you to, preferred
- Oppositional —> opposite of how they want
- Negotiated —> a bit of both sides
Body panic
- worried about how society (neoliberalism) will judge your body
- obsessed with body image = buy more stuff = $$$
3 concepts of body panic
- Consumption —> buying stuff to help yourself, body = alien object
- Self-surveillance —> monitoring body
- Healthism —> health is a YOU problem
Confessional bodies
- michel Foucault
People confess gendered failures when they purchase fitness stuff cause they are saying that they dont look like that
Orientalism
Edward said
- style of thought base on an ontological and epistemological distinction between the orient and occident
Orient vs occident
Orient - east
Occident - west judges
Replicated orientalism
Orientalism occurring in other countries
- east Korea doesnt enjoy India
Glocalization
Things being modified depending on where they are and the audience
1. Interconnectedness
2. Complex
McDonaldization
McDonaldization
Example of glocalization
- Standardization
- Predictability
- Efficiency
- Control
- Calculability
Nationalism
People becoming connected to their nation and forming a sense of national identity
Corporate nationalism
Using their countries flags, symbols, values, beliefs to appeal to audience
Sport journalist responsibilities
- decide what to present and what to with hold
- present appropriate news
- no spicy info for views
- report accurate and fair
- hard evidence
Changed relationships between athletes, jouranists and sports organizations
Pre TV, Post Tv, new media
Pre TV
- b4 1950s
- they were team promoters
Post tv
- after 1950s
- got more serious , behind the scenes
New media
- after 1990s
- athletes in contact with fans
- More voices
Negative peace vs positive peace
Negative
- no direct violence or war
- reduces/ eliminates war/violence
Positive
- no direct violence or war
- social justice + unity
War+ violence journalism vs peace+conflict journalism
War + violence
1. War/violence oriented
2. Propaganda oriented
3. Elite oriented
4. Victory oriented
Peace + conflict
1. Peace/conflict oriented
2. Truth oriented
3. People oriented
4. Solution oriented
