Exam 1 Flashcards
Horizontal is?
top-bottom
Coronal is?
front-back
Saggital is?
left-right
Medial/Midsagittal is?
Middle
Neuropsychology is the study of?
Studies damages in the brain caused by changes in behaviours and thoughts in humans
Anterior is?
head
Posterior is?
tail
Superior is?
back
Inferior is?
belly
Medial is?
middle
Lateral is?
side
Ipsilateral is?
same side as subject
Contralateral is?
Opposite side as subject
Bilateral is?
Each side
Proimal is?
Closer to
Distal is?
Further away
Afferent is?
towards brain - effects
Efferent is?
away from brain
Gyrus
Bumpy surface on cortex
Sulcus
groves in cortex
Fissure
Deep grove in cortex
Longitudinal fissure separates what?
Corpus callosum
Central sulcus separates what?
precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus (motor and sensory)
Lateral fissure separates what?
frontal and temporal lobes
What are the frontal, temporal, and occipital poles?
Most extreme points of those lobes
Gray matter is?
cell bodies. They create nucleus
White matter is?
Axons and myelin. They create tracts
Reticular matter is?
Mixed cell bodies and axons. Net-like
Glial cells?
Astrocytes
microglial cells
oligodendrocytes
Astrocytes are?
star-shaped provides nutrients and structural support
Microglial cells are?
Smaller, help protect and defend
Oligodendrocytes are?
Insulators and signal transmission -myelin speeds up
Cortex contains? And is responsible for?
The 4 lobes
frontal
parietal
temporal
occipital
-thoughts, sight, motor, perception
Subcortical structures are? And are responsible for?
Below the cortex
thalamus
hypothalamus
pineal gland
-hormone regulation, respiratory, and growth
The brain stem includes and is responsible for?
on top of the spinal cord
midbrain- head movement
pons- bridge cerebellum to the brain, and balance
medulla oblongata- cranial nerves, reflexes/body control.
fourth ventricle -spinal fluid
- sleep-wake, respiration, facial movements
The cerebellum is for?
lower back of the brain
-balance, posture and coordination
Frontal lobe general functions?
Motor
executive functions
expressive language
Temporal lobe general functions?
Auditory preception
receptive language
memory
emotion response
Parietal lobe general functions?
somatosensory sensations and perception
sensory input
visuospatial
Occipital lobe general functions?
Vision
What are cortical connections?
-white matter tracts
association tract
commissures
projection tracts
Association tract?
same hemisphere
short and long association
Commissures?
between different hemispheres
corpus callosum
anterior commissure - thalamus and hypothalamus
Projection tracts?
cortical and subcortical
corona radiata - internal capsule at basal ganglia
Subcortical region: Diencephalon includes and is responsible for?
thalamus- central station
hypothalamus- behavioral control
mammillary bodies- cell bodies
pituitary- growth and development
pineal gland- a hormone system
third ventricle- fluid filed spaces
the ventricular system is?
production of spinal fluid and metabolic waste
What are the ventricles?
lateral- front top
third- midline
fourth- brain stem
- each produces spinal fluid
What are the ventricle connections?
Foramen of monro - lateral to third
cerebral aqueduct - third to fourth
foramen of magendie - fourth to spinal cord
what is choroid plexus?
Where spinal fluid is stored and made by blood cells
What is meninges, and what does it contain?
a layer of tissue around the brain for protection
it contains dura mater, which has two layers
cerebrovascular system?
supplies blood to the brain
What are the two major divisions of the cerebrovascular system?
Carotid system
-supplies to frontal
-right and left artery
Vertebral system
-spinal cord
-posterior supply
-circle of willis
What is the circle of Willis?
Where the arteries connect
-detects redundancies
