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Neuropsychology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Horizontal is?

A

top-bottom

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2
Q

Coronal is?

A

front-back

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3
Q

Saggital is?

A

left-right

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4
Q

Medial/Midsagittal is?

A

Middle

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5
Q

Neuropsychology is the study of?

A

Studies damages in the brain caused by changes in behaviours and thoughts in humans

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6
Q

Anterior is?

A

head

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7
Q

Posterior is?

A

tail

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8
Q

Superior is?

A

back

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9
Q

Inferior is?

A

belly

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10
Q

Medial is?

A

middle

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11
Q

Lateral is?

A

side

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12
Q

Ipsilateral is?

A

same side as subject

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13
Q

Contralateral is?

A

Opposite side as subject

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14
Q

Bilateral is?

A

Each side

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15
Q

Proimal is?

A

Closer to

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16
Q

Distal is?

A

Further away

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17
Q

Afferent is?

A

towards brain - effects

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18
Q

Efferent is?

A

away from brain

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19
Q

Gyrus

A

Bumpy surface on cortex

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20
Q

Sulcus

A

groves in cortex

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21
Q

Fissure

A

Deep grove in cortex

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22
Q

Longitudinal fissure separates what?

A

Corpus callosum

23
Q

Central sulcus separates what?

A

precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus (motor and sensory)

24
Q

Lateral fissure separates what?

A

frontal and temporal lobes

25
Q

What are the frontal, temporal, and occipital poles?

A

Most extreme points of those lobes

26
Q

Gray matter is?

A

cell bodies. They create nucleus

27
Q

White matter is?

A

Axons and myelin. They create tracts

28
Q

Reticular matter is?

A

Mixed cell bodies and axons. Net-like

29
Q

Glial cells?

A

Astrocytes
microglial cells
oligodendrocytes

30
Q

Astrocytes are?

A

star-shaped provides nutrients and structural support

31
Q

Microglial cells are?

A

Smaller, help protect and defend

32
Q

Oligodendrocytes are?

A

Insulators and signal transmission -myelin speeds up

33
Q

Cortex contains? And is responsible for?

A

The 4 lobes
frontal
parietal
temporal
occipital
-thoughts, sight, motor, perception

34
Q

Subcortical structures are? And are responsible for?

A

Below the cortex
thalamus
hypothalamus
pineal gland
-hormone regulation, respiratory, and growth

35
Q

The brain stem includes and is responsible for?

A

on top of the spinal cord
midbrain- head movement
pons- bridge cerebellum to the brain, and balance
medulla oblongata- cranial nerves, reflexes/body control.
fourth ventricle -spinal fluid
- sleep-wake, respiration, facial movements

36
Q

The cerebellum is for?

A

lower back of the brain
-balance, posture and coordination

37
Q

Frontal lobe general functions?

A

Motor
executive functions
expressive language

38
Q

Temporal lobe general functions?

A

Auditory preception
receptive language
memory
emotion response

39
Q

Parietal lobe general functions?

A

somatosensory sensations and perception
sensory input
visuospatial

40
Q

Occipital lobe general functions?

A

Vision

41
Q

What are cortical connections?

A

-white matter tracts
association tract
commissures
projection tracts

42
Q

Association tract?

A

same hemisphere
short and long association

43
Q

Commissures?

A

between different hemispheres
corpus callosum
anterior commissure - thalamus and hypothalamus

44
Q

Projection tracts?

A

cortical and subcortical
corona radiata - internal capsule at basal ganglia

45
Q

Subcortical region: Diencephalon includes and is responsible for?

A

thalamus- central station
hypothalamus- behavioral control
mammillary bodies- cell bodies
pituitary- growth and development
pineal gland- a hormone system
third ventricle- fluid filed spaces

46
Q

the ventricular system is?

A

production of spinal fluid and metabolic waste

47
Q

What are the ventricles?

A

lateral- front top
third- midline
fourth- brain stem
- each produces spinal fluid

48
Q

What are the ventricle connections?

A

Foramen of monro - lateral to third
cerebral aqueduct - third to fourth
foramen of magendie - fourth to spinal cord

49
Q

what is choroid plexus?

A

Where spinal fluid is stored and made by blood cells

50
Q

What is meninges, and what does it contain?

A

a layer of tissue around the brain for protection
it contains dura mater, which has two layers

51
Q

cerebrovascular system?

A

supplies blood to the brain

52
Q

What are the two major divisions of the cerebrovascular system?

A

Carotid system
-supplies to frontal
-right and left artery
Vertebral system
-spinal cord
-posterior supply
-circle of willis

53
Q

What is the circle of Willis?

A

Where the arteries connect
-detects redundancies

Neuropsychology (3 decks)

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