Exam 1 Flashcards
What leads to infection?
-contact with infected
-not using ppe
-fomite inamiate object
-antigens/pathogens
-microbes
-urbanization
-ses
-access to travel
-food/farm
-insects
What makes something infectious?
-pathogen
-invasive
-pathogenic
-virulent
Virulent
severity of symptoms
Levels of infection (gradients of infection)
-colonization
-subclinical of inapparent infection
-latent infection
-manifest of clinical infection
Colonization
No signs or symptoms but is on the human body.
-normal nasopharynx
-S.aures
Subclinical of inapparent infection
Carriers
-can spread but has milder symptoms
-Polio
Latent infections
comes and goes.
-virus of herpes simplex
Manifest of clinical infection
illness
-showing signs and symptoms
Contamination
the presence of an infectious agent on a bodily surface on or in clothes, bedding, toys, etc
Infestation
the lodgment development and reproduction of arthropods on the surface of the body
Epidemiology
The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states and events in population, and the application of the study to control health population
Why use data to monitor health problems
-prevention and control
-bring awareness
-treatment
-education
-not everyone is privileged as everyone else
-if we don’t look everything falls apart
5 essentials of surverillance
- identify, define, and measure the health problem of interest
- collect and compiled data about the problem and if possible, factors that influence it
- analyze and interpret these data
- provide these data and their interpretation to those responsible for controlling the health problem
- monitor and periodically evaluate the usefulness and quality of surveillance to improve it for future use
infectious agent
any microorganism that has the ability to cause disease because they are invasive, virulent, and pathogenic.
pathogenic
cause disease
invasive
has to get in
Virus microorganisms
acellular, obligate intracellular parasites.
-HIV, AIDS
-Influenza A,B,C
-Sars
Bacteria microorganism
Procaryotic
MRSA- methyl Cylin resistant staphylococcus aureus
Fungus microorganisms (mold & yeast)
Cryptococcus neoformans -yeast
Protisits
-Plasmodium - Malaria
-gliardia Sp
Helmith
-Pinworm; class of roundworm
-tapeworm-ascaris
Prion
Madcow disease; Trp protein
Reservoir
the place where the microorganisms reside, thrives, and reproduces.
Fomite
inanimate object that transmite disease
portal of exit
the place from where the infection can exit
portal of exit
the place from where the infection can exit
-place where the infectious agent leaves the reservoir
Mode of tranmission
Direct and indirect
indirect
-fomite, vectors, vehicles
vectors
-mechanical and biological
vehicles
-food and water
Portal of entry
any opening that it could get in
-equal oral transmission
susceptible host
the person who is at risk for developing an infection from the disease
factors
-age- young and old
-chronic disease- autoimmune, cancer, diabetes
-malnutrition- immune system can’t operate
-invasive medical devices
vector
any agent person, animal, or microorganisms that carries and transmit infectious pathogens
biological vector
pathogen lives inside organisms
mechanical vector
pathogen is carried by but is not in the organism.
Direct transmission
person to person
indirect transmisson
both vehicle-borne and vector borne contact
Epidemic or outbreak
disease occurrence among a population that is in excess of what is expected in a given time and place.
cluster
group of cases in a specific time and place that might be more than expected
edemic
disease or condition present among a population at all times
pandemic
a disease or condition that spreads across regions.
rate
number of cases occuring during a specific period; always dependent on the size of the population during that period
Zoonosis
an infection that is transmissible under natural conditions from vertebrate animals to man
ex. rabies, plague
Epizotic
outbreak (epidemic) of disease in an animal population
ex. rift valley fever
Enzotic
endemic occurring in animals
ex. bovine TB
