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ecology of infectious disease > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What leads to infection?

A

-contact with infected
-not using ppe
-fomite inamiate object
-antigens/pathogens
-microbes
-urbanization
-ses
-access to travel
-food/farm
-insects

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2
Q

What makes something infectious?

A

-pathogen
-invasive
-pathogenic
-virulent

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3
Q

Virulent

A

severity of symptoms

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4
Q

Levels of infection (gradients of infection)

A

-colonization
-subclinical of inapparent infection
-latent infection
-manifest of clinical infection

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5
Q

Colonization

A

No signs or symptoms but is on the human body.
-normal nasopharynx
-S.aures

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6
Q

Subclinical of inapparent infection

A

Carriers
-can spread but has milder symptoms
-Polio

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7
Q

Latent infections

A

comes and goes.
-virus of herpes simplex

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8
Q

Manifest of clinical infection

A

illness
-showing signs and symptoms

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9
Q

Contamination

A

the presence of an infectious agent on a bodily surface on or in clothes, bedding, toys, etc

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10
Q

Infestation

A

the lodgment development and reproduction of arthropods on the surface of the body

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11
Q

Epidemiology

A

The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states and events in population, and the application of the study to control health population

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12
Q

Why use data to monitor health problems

A

-prevention and control
-bring awareness
-treatment
-education
-not everyone is privileged as everyone else
-if we don’t look everything falls apart

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13
Q

5 essentials of surverillance

A
  1. identify, define, and measure the health problem of interest
  2. collect and compiled data about the problem and if possible, factors that influence it
  3. analyze and interpret these data
  4. provide these data and their interpretation to those responsible for controlling the health problem
  5. monitor and periodically evaluate the usefulness and quality of surveillance to improve it for future use
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14
Q

infectious agent

A

any microorganism that has the ability to cause disease because they are invasive, virulent, and pathogenic.

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15
Q

pathogenic

A

cause disease

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16
Q

invasive

A

has to get in

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17
Q

Virus microorganisms

A

acellular, obligate intracellular parasites.
-HIV, AIDS
-Influenza A,B,C
-Sars

18
Q

Bacteria microorganism

A

Procaryotic
MRSA- methyl Cylin resistant staphylococcus aureus

19
Q

Fungus microorganisms (mold & yeast)

A

Cryptococcus neoformans -yeast

20
Q

Protisits

A

-Plasmodium - Malaria
-gliardia Sp

21
Q

Helmith

A

-Pinworm; class of roundworm
-tapeworm-ascaris

22
Q

Prion

A

Madcow disease; Trp protein

23
Q

Reservoir

A

the place where the microorganisms reside, thrives, and reproduces.

24
Q

Fomite

A

inanimate object that transmite disease

25
Q

portal of exit

A

the place from where the infection can exit

26
Q

portal of exit

A

the place from where the infection can exit
-place where the infectious agent leaves the reservoir

27
Q

Mode of tranmission

A

Direct and indirect
indirect
-fomite, vectors, vehicles
vectors
-mechanical and biological
vehicles
-food and water

28
Q

Portal of entry

A

any opening that it could get in
-equal oral transmission

29
Q

susceptible host

A

the person who is at risk for developing an infection from the disease
factors
-age- young and old
-chronic disease- autoimmune, cancer, diabetes
-malnutrition- immune system can’t operate
-invasive medical devices

30
Q

vector

A

any agent person, animal, or microorganisms that carries and transmit infectious pathogens

31
Q

biological vector

A

pathogen lives inside organisms

32
Q

mechanical vector

A

pathogen is carried by but is not in the organism.

33
Q

Direct transmission

A

person to person

34
Q

indirect transmisson

A

both vehicle-borne and vector borne contact

35
Q

Epidemic or outbreak

A

disease occurrence among a population that is in excess of what is expected in a given time and place.

36
Q

cluster

A

group of cases in a specific time and place that might be more than expected

37
Q

edemic

A

disease or condition present among a population at all times

38
Q

pandemic

A

a disease or condition that spreads across regions.

39
Q

rate

A

number of cases occuring during a specific period; always dependent on the size of the population during that period

40
Q

Zoonosis

A

an infection that is transmissible under natural conditions from vertebrate animals to man
ex. rabies, plague

41
Q

Epizotic

A

outbreak (epidemic) of disease in an animal population
ex. rift valley fever

42
Q

Enzotic

A

endemic occurring in animals
ex. bovine TB

ecology of infectious disease (2 decks)

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