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Psych > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

independent variable

A

variable being manipulated

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2
Q

naturalistic observation

A

describes settings, frequency, and characteristics of certain behaviors in real world

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3
Q

psychodynamic perspective

A

emphasizes unconscious psychological processes (for example, wishes and fears of which we’re not fully aware), and contends that childhood experiences are crucial in shaping adult personality

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4
Q

mean

A

a measure of central tendency that is calculated by adding all of the scores in a data set and dividing by the total number of scores

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5
Q

extraneous variables

A

a measure that is not under investigation in an experiment but may potentially affect the outcome or dependent variable and thus may influence results

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6
Q

experiment

A

only 1 that allows for cause and effect

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7
Q

mode

A

a measure of central tendency which is calculated by reporting the most frequently occurring number in a data set

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8
Q

reliability

A

degree to which the operational definition measures the construct consistently for good reliability, large # of items or multiple raters should be used

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9
Q

humanistic perspective

A

emphasizes looking at the whole individual and stresses concepts such as free will, self-efficacy, and self-actualization

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10
Q

psychological specialties

A

clinical pyschologists, cognitive & perceptual psychologists, community, counselling, developmental, etc.

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11
Q

cognitive perspective

A

This approach focuses on how internal thoughts and feelings influence one’s behavior

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12
Q

ethics for animal research

A

Researchers must have respect for animals’ worth, regardless of their utility value, and for animals’ interests as living, sentient creatures.

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13
Q

random assignment

A

each subject has an equal chance of being assigned to any of the experimental conditions

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14
Q

placebo group

A

receives an intervention or treatment but it should have no effect on subjects

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15
Q

research dimensions

A

research is done to discover which PSA is most effective

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16
Q

standard deviation

A

a measure of dispersion that shows the spread of scores around the mean

17
Q

positive relationship

A

as one variable increases, the other variable increases

18
Q

representative samples

A

a selected segment of a group that closely parallels the population as a whole in terms of the key variables under examination

19
Q

applied dimension

A

results of research are applied to benefit general public

20
Q

theory

A

fact-based ideas that describe a phenomenon of human behavior

21
Q

median

A

a measure of central tendency that is calculated by finding the middle score when the data set is placed in numerical order

22
Q

negative relationship

A

as one variable increases, the other variable decreases

23
Q

range

A

a measure of dispersion obtained by subtracting the lowest score in a distribution from the highest score

24
Q

behavioral perspective

A

psychological approach that suggests that the keys to understanding development are observable behavior and external stimuli in the environment

25
Q

evolutionary perspective

A

the assumption that many of your core behaviors and ways of processing information are a result of evolution

26
Q

case study

A

It is a thorough investigation of one person; it usually includes information about the person’s past and is often used by clinical psychologists in studying patients in psychotherapy; it does not demonstrate cause and effect.

27
Q

operational definition

A

defining a construct by the operation intended to measure it; turning dependent variable into #s

28
Q

correlation scatterplots

A

displays the strength, direction, and form of the relationship between two quantitative variables

29
Q

correlational study

A

studies relationship between 2 variables; 2 variables are measured on each subject, the subjects are not randomly assigned to different experimental conditions

30
Q

dependent variable

A

what is being measured and how it is

31
Q

survery method

A

collects data from a sample that represents larger population

32
Q

correlation coefficient

A

that expresses the strength & direction of the relationship; the higher the #, the stronger the relationship

33
Q

control group

A

receives no intervention or treatment

34
Q

T-test

A

assesses statistical significance between the means of 2 experimental groups

Psych (2 decks)

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