exam 1

Question 1

what runs through foramen rotundum?

Answer 1

maxillary nerve

Question 2

what connects broca’s and wernicke’s areas which are involved in processing, understanding, and speaking?

Answer 2

arcuate fasciculus

Question 3

what are the functions of the frontal lobe?

Answer 3

personality, intellect, judgement, reasoning, conscience, mood, abstract ideas, motor control (skeletal muscle)

Question 4

what is the function of the parietal lobe?

Answer 4

processing sensory information

Question 5

what is the function of the temporal lobe?

Answer 5

auditory processing, language, speech, memory retrieval

Question 6

what is the function of the occipital lobe?

Answer 6

visual processing

Question 7

Where is the hippocampus located?

Answer 7

temporal lobe

Question 8

describe the optic chiasm

Answer 8

Pathway where the optic nerves cross.

Question 9

these structures increase the surface area of the nasal cavity

Answer 9

inferior and middle conchae

Question 10

the process that keeps teeth rooted to the bone

Answer 10

Alveolar process of the mandible and alveolar process of the maxilla.

Question 11

Where is cerebrospinal fluid produced?

Answer 11

choroid plexus

Question 12

what runs through the foramen ovale?

Answer 12

mandibular nerve

Question 13

what information can be learned from fontanelles?

Answer 13

Hydration
Pulse
Hydrocephalus
Growth
Pathologies

Question 14

what structure does the falx cerebri attach to?

Answer 14

crista galli

Question 15

what does the gyri and sulci do?

Answer 15

increase the surface area of the cerebral cortex. a larger surface area means more neurons can be packed into the cortex so it can process more information

Question 16

what is the function of the cerebellum?

Answer 16

fine motor, balance, coordination

Question 17

name the suture that sits between the frontal bone and the parietal bones.

Answer 17

coronal suture

Question 18

what foramen is located in the occipital lobe?

Answer 18

foramen magnum

Question 19

Name the 7 bones that make up the orbit of the eye

Answer 19

frontal, maxilla, sphenoid, zygomatic, lacrimal, ethmoid, palatine

Question 20

What does homunculus mean?

Answer 20

little man

Question 21

what runs under the pterion?

Answer 21

middle meningeal artrey

Question 22

name the differences between an artery and vein

Answer 22

artery: carries oxygenated blood, tubular shaped/hollow, takes blood away from the heart

vein: carries deoxygenated blood, flat/ribbon like, carries blood to the heart

Question 23

Name the foramen

Answer 23

foramen ovale
foramen spinosum
carotid canal
jugular foramen
foramen magnum
foramen rotundum

Question 24

what runs through foramen spinosum?

Answer 24

middle meningeal artery

Question 25

what runs through the carotid canal?

Answer 25

internal carotid artery

Question 26

what runs through the jugular foramen?

Answer 26

internal jugular vein

Question 27

what runs through foramen magnum?

Answer 27

brain stem, spinal accessory nerve, vertebral artery

Question 28

what 2 bones make up the bony septum?

Answer 28

ethmoid and vomer

Question 29

what 2 bones make up the zygomatic arch?

Answer 29

zygomatic and temporal

Question 30

what happens to sutures in the elderly?

Answer 30

they disappear

Question 31

in which layer does the csf flow?

Answer 31

subarachnoid space

Question 32

What does the tentorium cerebelli separate?

Answer 32

cerebrum from cerebellum

Question 33

what structure is the meeting of the coronal suture with the sagittal suture?

Answer 33

bregma

Question 34

The meeting of the lambdoidal suture with the squamosal suture is called?

Answer 34

asterion

Question 35

the highest point of the calvarium is called?

Answer 35

the vertex

Question 36

the depression where the nasal bones and frontal bone meet

Answer 36

nasion

Question 37

what 2 bones make up the hard palate?

Answer 37

maxilla and palatine

Question 38

in what layer does csf flow?

Answer 38

subarachnoid space

Question 39

describe alzheimers disease

Answer 39

form of dimentia: loss of cognitive functioning (thinking, remembering, reasoning), confusion, irritability, aggression, and mood swings
abnormal protein deposits form plaques in the brain, neurons ability to function and communicate is decreased, eventually neurons die. brain regions shrink
damage to the hippocampus causes problems in memory formation

Question 40

describe parkinsons disease

Answer 40

the substantia nigra (in the basal ganglia) degenerates and stops producing dopamine
dopamine is a neurotransmitter in the brain that is involved in motor control
some symptoms include tremor, rigidity, slowness of movement, difficulty walking

Question 41

describe cerebral palsy

Answer 41

lack of oxygen to the brain during birth or fetal development
problems with neuromuscular development
symptoms occur during infancy or preschool age
reduced range of motion in various joints, floppy rigid limbs, unsteady gait (when able to walk)

Question 42

describe huntingtons disease

Answer 42

caused by genetic defect
neurons in brain die
results in movement disorders - uncontrolled movements
results in severe decline cognitive abilities - memory, reasoning, concentration, judgment, and ability to plan and organize
results in emotion disturbances - irritability, depression, anxiety, uncharacteristic anger and irritability and obsessive-compulsive behavior

Question 43

describe multiple sclerosis

Answer 43

autoimmune disease that causes myelin to degenerate
more common in women
loss of balance, muscle spasms, numbness, problems moving arms and legs, decreased coordination, tremor and muscle weakness
communication between brain and body is disrupted

Question 44

hemiplegia

Answer 44

paralysis on one side of body
arm, leg and trunk on one side of body are paralyzed