exam 1 Flashcards
what runs through foramen rotundum?
maxillary nerve
what connects broca’s and wernicke’s areas which are involved in processing, understanding, and speaking?
arcuate fasciculus
what are the functions of the frontal lobe?
personality, intellect, judgement, reasoning, conscience, mood, abstract ideas, motor control (skeletal muscle)
what is the function of the parietal lobe?
processing sensory information
what is the function of the temporal lobe?
auditory processing, language, speech, memory retrieval
what is the function of the occipital lobe?
visual processing
Where is the hippocampus located?
temporal lobe
describe the optic chiasm
Pathway where the optic nerves cross.
these structures increase the surface area of the nasal cavity
inferior and middle conchae
the process that keeps teeth rooted to the bone
Alveolar process of the mandible and alveolar process of the maxilla.
Where is cerebrospinal fluid produced?
choroid plexus
what runs through the foramen ovale?
mandibular nerve
what information can be learned from fontanelles?
Hydration
Pulse
Hydrocephalus
Growth
Pathologies
what structure does the falx cerebri attach to?
crista galli
what does the gyri and sulci do?
increase the surface area of the cerebral cortex. a larger surface area means more neurons can be packed into the cortex so it can process more information
what is the function of the cerebellum?
fine motor, balance, coordination
name the suture that sits between the frontal bone and the parietal bones.
coronal suture
what foramen is located in the occipital lobe?
foramen magnum
Name the 7 bones that make up the orbit of the eye
frontal, maxilla, sphenoid, zygomatic, lacrimal, ethmoid, palatine
What does homunculus mean?
little man
what runs under the pterion?
middle meningeal artrey
name the differences between an artery and vein
artery: carries oxygenated blood, tubular shaped/hollow, takes blood away from the heart
vein: carries deoxygenated blood, flat/ribbon like, carries blood to the heart
Name the foramen
foramen ovale
foramen spinosum
carotid canal
jugular foramen
foramen magnum
foramen rotundum
what runs through foramen spinosum?
middle meningeal artery
what runs through the carotid canal?
internal carotid artery
what runs through the jugular foramen?
internal jugular vein
what runs through foramen magnum?
brain stem, spinal accessory nerve, vertebral artery
what 2 bones make up the bony septum?
ethmoid and vomer
what 2 bones make up the zygomatic arch?
zygomatic and temporal
what happens to sutures in the elderly?
they disappear
in which layer does the csf flow?
subarachnoid space
What does the tentorium cerebelli separate?
cerebrum from cerebellum
what structure is the meeting of the coronal suture with the sagittal suture?
bregma
The meeting of the lambdoidal suture with the squamosal suture is called?
asterion
the highest point of the calvarium is called?
the vertex
the depression where the nasal bones and frontal bone meet
nasion
what 2 bones make up the hard palate?
maxilla and palatine
in what layer does csf flow?
subarachnoid space
describe alzheimers disease
form of dimentia: loss of cognitive functioning (thinking, remembering, reasoning), confusion, irritability, aggression, and mood swings
abnormal protein deposits form plaques in the brain, neurons ability to function and communicate is decreased, eventually neurons die. brain regions shrink
damage to the hippocampus causes problems in memory formation
describe parkinsons disease
the substantia nigra (in the basal ganglia) degenerates and stops producing dopamine
dopamine is a neurotransmitter in the brain that is involved in motor control
some symptoms include tremor, rigidity, slowness of movement, difficulty walking
describe cerebral palsy
lack of oxygen to the brain during birth or fetal development
problems with neuromuscular development
symptoms occur during infancy or preschool age
reduced range of motion in various joints, floppy rigid limbs, unsteady gait (when able to walk)
describe huntingtons disease
caused by genetic defect
neurons in brain die
results in movement disorders - uncontrolled movements
results in severe decline cognitive abilities - memory, reasoning, concentration, judgment, and ability to plan and organize
results in emotion disturbances - irritability, depression, anxiety, uncharacteristic anger and irritability and obsessive-compulsive behavior
describe multiple sclerosis
autoimmune disease that causes myelin to degenerate
more common in women
loss of balance, muscle spasms, numbness, problems moving arms and legs, decreased coordination, tremor and muscle weakness
communication between brain and body is disrupted
hemiplegia
paralysis on one side of body
arm, leg and trunk on one side of body are paralyzed
