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Cardiopulmonary > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

cardiopulmonary system is made up of what systems?

A

cardiovascular
circulatory
pulmonary

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2
Q

purposes of cardiopulmonary system

A

transport O2 to tissues
remove CO2 waste from tissue
regulate body temp and metabolism

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3
Q

2 major adjustment of blood flow during exercise

A

increase CO
redistribution of blood flow

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4
Q

blood flow from heart to lungs

A

heart
arteries
arterioles
capillaries
venules
veins
heart

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5
Q

epicardium

A

outside of heart (lubricative)
blood capillaries, lymph capillaries, nerve fibers

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6
Q

myocardium

A

muscular contractions

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7
Q

endocardium

A

protective inner lining of chambers and valves
endothelial tissue and collagenous fibers

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8
Q

blood flow through heart

A

R. Atria
R. AV valve (tricuspid)
R. Ventricle
Pulmonary valve
Pulmonary artery
Lungs
Pulmonary veins
L. Atria
L. AV valve (bicuspid)
L. ventricle
Aortic valve
aorta

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9
Q

contraction phase of cardiac cycle

A

systole
ejection of blood

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10
Q

relaxation phase of cardiac cycle

A

diastole
filling with blood

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11
Q

parasympathetic nerves and neurotransmitters

A

vagus nerve
acetylcholine

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12
Q

sympathetic nerves and neurotransmitters

A

thoracic spinal nerves
norepinephrine
epinephrine

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13
Q

what does sympathetic trunk innervate?

A

ventricles to increase strength of contraction

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14
Q

PSNS ganglion position

A

ganglion is further from spinal cord

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15
Q

SNS ganglion position

A

ganglion runs next to spinal cord along sympathetic trunk

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16
Q

incomplete vs complete SCI

A

depends on if ANS is compromised

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17
Q

SNS impacts on HR

A

inc. bloodstream catecholamine levels
vasoconstriction
elevate HR

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18
Q

PNS impacts on HR

A

direct innervation via vagus nerve
constant acetylcholine activity
lower HR

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19
Q

ECG measures

A

electrical activity not contraction

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20
Q

SA node

A

pacemaker
initiates depolarization

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21
Q

AV node

A

passes depolarization to ventricles
delay for refilling

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22
Q

bundle branches

A

between left and right ventricle

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23
Q

Purkinje fibers

A

in ventricles

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24
Q

AV bundles

A

so atria and ventricles dont contract at same tome

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25
Q

P wave

A

atrial depolarization

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26
Q

QRS complex

A

ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization

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27
Q

T wave

A

ventricular repolarization

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28
Q

Diastole pressure

A

pressure in ventricles is low
filling with blood from atria

29
Q

When do AV valves open?

A

when ventricular pressure is lower than atrial pressure

30
Q

Systole pressure

A

pressure in ventricles rises
blood ejected in pulmonary and systemic circulation

31
Q

semilunar valves open when

A

ventricular pressure is greater than aortic pressure

32
Q

pulmonary semilunar valvee

A

between right ventricle and pulmonary artery

33
Q

right AV valve

A

prevents back flow from right ventricle into right atria

34
Q

left AV valve

A

between left atria and left ventricle

35
Q

aortic semilunar valve

A

connects left ventricle to aorta

36
Q

how to valves help blood flow

A

create pressure differences between the chambers so that blood flow from high to low and prevents back flow

37
Q

first heart sound

A

closing of AV valves

38
Q

second heart sound

A

closing of aortic and pulmonary valves

39
Q

cardiac output

A

amount of blood pumped by the heart each minute
HR * SV

40
Q

stroke volume

A

amount of blood ejected each beat
EDV-ESV

41
Q

EDV

A

volume of blood in ventricle at the end of diastole

42
Q

ESV

A

amount of blood remaining after ejection

43
Q

MAP

A

cardiac output * TPR
pressure thee heart must pump against to eject blood

44
Q

afterflow

A

what the heart has to pump against to get blood to circulate to periphery

45
Q

3 controllers of SV

A

changes in preload
changes in contractility
changees in afterload

46
Q

increase in EDV

A

stretch of peri and myocardium
increase venous return to inc SV

47
Q

increase in contractility

A

SNS increase epinephrine and norepinephrine in circulation which increases strength of contraction

48
Q

increase in afterload

A

pushing against a lot of pressure makes heart work harder
mechanism to develop HTN

49
Q

which artery blockage is worse

A

left anterior descending because it supplies 70% if left ventricle

50
Q

systolic pressure

A

maximum anterior pressure

51
Q

diastolic pressure

A

minimum anterior pressure

52
Q

pulse pressure

A

SP-DP

53
Q

MAP

A

DP + 1/3 (SP-DP)

54
Q

blood flow

A

change in pressure/ resistance
moves from high to low pressure

55
Q

MAP throughout systemic circulation

A

decreases with biggest drop in arterioles

56
Q

blood flow resistance depends on

A

length of vessel
viscosity
radius of vessel

57
Q

high viscosity blood

A

dehydration or on a diuretic

58
Q

order of ventilation

A

trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
terminal bronchioles
respiratory bronchioles
alveolar ducts
alveolar sac

59
Q

respiration

A

gas exchange in alveoli

60
Q

ventilation

A

contraction and relaxation allowing air in and out

61
Q

functions of respiratory system

A

provide O2
eliminates CO2 and hydrogen ions
speech
defends against microbes
dependent on chemoreceptors

62
Q

steps of respiration

A

O2 in lungs is low so O2 diffuses in
then O2 diffuses into blood and CO2 diffuses out
O2 goes through blood to tissues and diffuses down concentration gradient

63
Q

is inspiration passive or active

A

active because diaphragm contracts

64
Q

is expiration passive or activee

A

either but usually passive

65
Q

restrictive

A

getting air in

66
Q

obstructive

A

pushing air out

67
Q

respiratory cycle pressure

A

increased in cavity size changes pressure gradient (diaphragm )

68
Q

what does pulse oxygen measure

A

hemoglobin saturation

Cardiopulmonary (3 decks)

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