Exam 1 Flashcards
Buffers
Large atoms that can accept/donate electrons
-Used to keep pH stable in a certain range
Zwitterion
Electrically nuetral atom, can have formal charges, but net charge is 0
Ampholyte
Acidic or Basic Groups present
Electrolyte
Free ions (passes charges)
Isoelectric Point (Pi)
pH where net charge is 0
Amino Acids more prevalent in L or D form?
L from (Rotates Left)
Sugars and nucleic acids more prevalent in which form?
D form (rotates right)
Essential AA
Body cannot produce and must be in diet
Non-essential AA
Can be produced by body
Myoglobin Structure
SIngle Polypeptide Chain
Hemoglobin Structure
Tetramer (32 alpha Helices)
-4 repeating myoglobin make up tetramer
Prostetic Group
Present per each strand in Mb and Hb used as an O2 binding site
Heme
Prostthetic group + protein
Central Atom in hemoglobin is?
Iron in Fe2+ state (ferrous)
Protopophyrin
Groups bonded to heme x4
Heme is planar or nonplanar when oxygenated
Planar
What binds to O2 binding site when deoxyginated?
H2O
allisteric effector
Something binds in one plane and effects another
Pp Hb binds O2 at?
100mmHg
Mb has higher affinity for O2 than Hb? T of F
TRUE
Bohr Effect
O2 is binded on a pH dependent curve
-the more acidic the blood (deoxygenated) lower Hb affinity for O2
Examples of Allosteric Effectors
O2 binding
Bohr Effect (H+ binding)
2,3-biphosphoglyceride Binding
Hb structure (in terms of dimers)
Two alpha/beta dimers
T State of Hb
Tense State or Deoxygenated State
-Out of plane
R State of Hb
Relaxed State or Oxygenated State
-In plane molecule
T—> R Alterations
15 degree rotational change
Increased O2 affinity due to more O2 binding sites exposed
Carbonic Anahydrase
Enzyme that catolizes reaction of CO2 and H2O to H2CO3
What AA is replaced in Sickle Cell Anemia
GLU replaced with VAL
-Causes elongated Hb and creates Hb aggregates
