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Bio Exam 2 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Sketch and explain the Rock Cycle

A

Sedimentary goes up and around too sedimentary rock(Erosion), which then goes to metamorphic rocks, then that too magma, then lastly is igneous rock which is right under sedimentary!

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2
Q

Identify the continents on a world map

A

Asia, South America, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia

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3
Q

What significant driving force required Catastrophists to believe the
earth was only about 6000 years old?

A

The church

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4
Q

Why are fossils not found in igneous rocks

A

The heat and pressure would destroy fossil evidence

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5
Q

What are the basic differences (size, location & density) between the
Terrestrial and the Jovian Planets?

A

Terrestrial are smaller, closer to the sun and more dense
Jovian are more massive, further from the sun and more gaseous

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6
Q

How and when did our atmosphere form?

A

A result of volcanic outgassing from 4.6 - 3.6 bya

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7
Q

What is happening to Sea-Level around the world? Why is it
happening?

A

Climate change is casing the ice caps to melt and raise sea level

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8
Q

Physical Geology

A

The branch of geologic study focusing on Earth materials
and Earth processes

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9
Q

Nebular Theory

A

The generally accepted theory for the formation of the solar
system.

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10
Q

Mantle

A

The largest interior layer of the Earth. This layer contains the
convection cells

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11
Q

Uniformitarianism

A

The geologic thought processes acting on the Earth now,
are the same as the processes in the past

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12
Q

Biosphere

A

The portion of the Earth system where life exists

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13
Q

Asthenosphere

A

The “Silly Putty” like layer of the Earth, located
immediately below the lithosphere. This layer facilitates the movement of
the Earth’s plates.

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14
Q

List and explain the evidence Alfred Wegener presented to support his
Continental Drift Hypothesis

A

Fossil and rock correlation
Paleoclimatic evidence
Puzzle pieces

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15
Q

What type of movement occurs at a Diverging Boundary? Identify a
diverging boundary on a world map

A

Plates are moving away from one another.
The middle of the Atlantic Ocean

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16
Q

What type of movement occurs at a Diverging Boundary? Identify a
diverging boundary on a world map

A

Plates are moving away from one another.
The middle of the Atlantic Ocean

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17
Q

What type of movement occurs at a Converging Boundary? Identify a
converging boundary on a world map.

A

Plates are moving towards each other. The Himalaya Mountains

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18
Q

What type of movement occurs at a Transform Boundary? Identify a
transform boundary on a world map

A

Plates are sliding past one another
The San Andreas Fault System

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19
Q

What evidence exists to support Plate Tectonics?

A

Fossil and rock correlation
Hot Spots and Mantle Plumes
Thickness of sediment on the ocean floor

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20
Q

Are oceanic floors comprised mostly of granitic rock or basaltic rock

A

Basaltic rock

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21
Q

Are the continents comprised mostly of granitic rock or basaltic rock

A

Granitic rock

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22
Q

What is the average densities of continental & oceanic lithosphere?

A

Continental is 2,7g/cm3
Oceanic - 3.0g/cm3

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23
Q

How can Plate Tectonics cause climate change

A

It can cause climate change because the plates move closer to the poles so the temperatures decrease.
As the plates move closer to equator, the temperature will increase

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24
Q

How can Plate Tectonics cause evolution

A

Life forms largely depend on climate, and so as the climate changes, life forms will become extinct and will be replaced

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25
Q

What is the approximate age & location of the oldest Atlantic Ocean
Floor?

A

The oldest is 200 mya and is along the east coast of North America and South America as well as along the west coast of Africa

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26
Q

What is the approximate age & location of the youngest Atlantic Ocean
Floor?

A

The youngest is 0 myo in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean

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27
Q

List 4 physical properties helpful in identifying the name of a mineral

A

Streak, color, hardness and breakage

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28
Q

If you can scratch a mineral with your fingernail, what is the approximate
hardness of the mineral?

A

it would be 2.5

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29
Q

Why do some minerals leave a streak, and some minerals do not leave a
streak?

A

Some do and don’t because only minerals softer then the streak plate 6.5 will leave a streak.

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30
Q

List the eight most abundant elements in the continental crust

A

Silicon, Oxygen, Iron, Aluminum, Calcium, Sodium
Magnesium & Potassium

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31
Q

Why are caves, caverns and sinkholes associated with carbonate
formations?

A

Because carbonates are water soluble

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32
Q

Why are sinkholes becoming a more frequent occurrence

A

They are occurring more and more because our water is becoming more acidic, so it is dissolving the carbonates more rapidly

33
Q

Specific Gravity!

A

WITHOUT the UNITS

34
Q

Mineral

A

A naturally occurring inorganic substance

35
Q

Luster

A

How a mineral reflects light

36
Q

Non-Ferromagnesian

A

Light colored silicates

37
Q

Aphanitic Texture

A

An igneous rock with mineral crystals too small to be seen without glasses

38
Q

Porphyritic Texture

A

An igneous rock with a few visible crystals within an aphanitic matrix

39
Q

Magma

A

Liquid igneous rock on the subsurface

40
Q

Lava

A

Liquid igneous rock on the surface of the earth

41
Q

Phaneritic Texture

A

an igneous rock with large visible crystals

42
Q

Pegmatitic Texture

A

an igneous rock with a few very large mineral crystals

43
Q

Igneous Rock

A

Formed from magma or lava

44
Q

intrusive/Plutonic Rock

A

Igneous rock that formed magma

45
Q

Extrusive/Volcanic Rock

A

Igneous rock that formed from lava

46
Q

What are the three most common gases associated with volcanic
eruptions?

A

Carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and water vapor

47
Q

What is the average density of the basaltic rock covering the ocean floor?

A

3.0g/cm3

48
Q

What is the average density of the granitic rock that makes up the
continental lithosphere?

A

2.7g/cm3

49
Q

Name two mafic minerals

A

Hornblende & Olivine

50
Q

Name two felsic minerals

A

Milky Quartz & Potassium Feldspar

51
Q

Are basaltic eruptions mild or violent?

A

Mild

52
Q

Are granitic eruptions mild or violent?

A

Violent

53
Q

Pyroclastic

A

Any solid material ejected during a volcanic eruption

54
Q

Caldera

A

a large depression caused by a volcanic eruption

55
Q

Viscosity

A

a measurement of a materials resistance to flow

56
Q

How is viscosity related to the shape of a volcano?

A

high viscosity magma will create a steeply sloped volcano while Low viscotsy magma will create a very large middle sloped volcano

57
Q

which are more violent, granitic or basalt

A

granitic!

58
Q

What are a few indicators that would signal a pending volcanic eruption?

A

increased gasses coming out
change in shape
increased seismic activity

59
Q

SO2 & CO2 are gases associated with volcanic eruptions. Which gas will
cause the climate to become warmer, which gas will cause the climate to
become cooler?

A

SO2 is cooler
CO2 is warmer

60
Q

Which type of volcano exists at Yellowstone Park? Does it have violent or
mild eruptions?

A

caldera volcano with violent eruptions

61
Q

Why would an eruption of Mount Rainier be more destructive than the
1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens?

A

It would be more destructive because it would create a lot of lava and it would bury the surrounding area

62
Q

Are the volcanoes of the Hawaiian Islands associated with a diverging
boundary, a converging boundary or a mantle plume?

A

A mantle Plume

63
Q

Divergent boundary

A

pull away from each other

64
Q

Convergent boundaries

A

One plate going underneath the other plate ( Eurasian plate, Juan je fuea plate)

65
Q

Transfrom Boundaries

A

there sliding past each other ( Pacific plate, by California)

66
Q

Hydrosphere

A

All phases of water on earths surface

67
Q

Atmosphere

A

The blanket of gases around the earth

68
Q

Biosphere

A

plants, animals, and all life forms

69
Q

Name the oceans

A

Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Arctic ocean, Indian Ocean, Southern ocean.

70
Q

The inner earth layers

A

Inner core, outer core, Lower mantle, Asthenosphere, lithosphere (crust)

71
Q

Why is the asthenosphere is important?

A

It is important because the force behind plate tectonic motion

72
Q

formation of the universe

A

14 mya

73
Q

Slow rate means

A

visible crystals in the rock

74
Q

Rapid rate means

A

no visible crystals in rock

75
Q

Youngest Atlantic floor

A

In the middle of us and Africa, so Atlantic Ocean

76
Q

Oldest Atlantic Ocean floor

A

By us or by Europe in in the crevasse

77
Q

Long Island rivers

A

peconinc river, swan river, east river

78
Q

Plate tectonic evolution

A

The climate will change, and life forms extinct so they will be replaced

79
Q

Name two locations where you expect lots of igneous rock to be created?

A

Atlantic bridge and the Hawaiian island

Bio Exam 2 (2 decks)

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