Exam 1

Question 1

Cells represent a fundamental ______________ ____ in Biology

Answer 1

organizational

Question 2

First life forms were ___________

Answer 2

unicellular

Question 3

Tissues are composed of _____

Answer 3

cells

Question 4

All organisms start off as a ______ ____

Answer 4

single cell

Question 5

All known living things are made up of _____

Answer 5

cells

Question 6

The cell is the _________ ___ __________ ____ of all living things.

Answer 6

structural and functional unit

Question 7

All cells come from pre-existing cells by

Answer 7

division

Question 8

Cells contain __________ ___________ which is passed from cell to cell during cell division.

Answer 8

hereditary information

Question 9

All cells have basically the same ________ composition.

Answer 9

chemical

Question 10

All ______ ____________ of life occurs within cells.

Answer 10

energy transduction

Question 11

Cell sizes can range from under a ______ (__________) to up to ___________ in size (_____ _____)

Answer 11

micron (mycoplasma), centimeters (slime molds)

Question 12

The genome of cells can encode anywhere from ___ ________ (__________) up to ~_____

Answer 12

468 proteins (mycoplasma), 32000

Question 13

Cells are classified according to their __________

Answer 13

complexity

Question 14

Archaebacteria and eubacteria; simple organisms without a defined nucleus

Answer 14

Prokaryotes

Question 15

Plant, animal, and fungus cells; well defined nucleus completely surrounded by a double membrane

Answer 15

Eukaryotes

Question 16

All cells use DNA to store their _______ ___________

Answer 16

genetic information

Question 17

sugar phosphate + base =

Answer 17

nucleotide

Question 18

________-bonded base pairs

Answer 18

hydrogen

Question 19

All cells replicate their DNA by ________-________ ______________

Answer 19

template-directed polymerization.

Question 20

All cells use RNA as an ____________ ____

Answer 20

intermediate form

Question 21

Double-stranded DNA ——————-> RNA

Answer 21

Transcription

Question 22

All cells use ________ as catalysts

Answer 22

proteins

Question 23

The fundamental unit of biological information is

Answer 23

one gene which encodes one protein

Question 24

All cells require a production of ________ _________ ______

Answer 24

chemical potential energy

Question 25

Isolates the cell and regulates material and energy transfer across cell boundaries

Answer 25

Plasma membrane

Question 26

DNA synthesis

Answer 26

Replication

Question 27

RNA synthesis

Answer 27

Transcription

Question 28

Protein synthesis

Answer 28

Translation

Question 29

Abundant atoms in cells

Answer 29

C, N, O, H

Question 30

Less abundant atoms in cells

Answer 30

Na, Mg, K, Cl, Ca, P, Fe, Zn, Cu

Question 31

The __________ _________ of atoms determines what type of chemical interaction occurs in cell

Answer 31

electronic structure

Question 32

Sharing of electrons

Answer 32

Covalent bond

Question 33

Transfer of electrons

Answer 33

Ionic bond

Question 34

Covalent bonds: electrons in _____ ________ are shared between the atoms

Answer 34

outer orbitals

Question 35

In aqueous solution, the anion-cation bond is greatly ________, resulting in ____________.

Answer 35

weakened, dissociation

Question 36

Bond lengths shortest to longest

Answer 36

Covalent, noncovalent: hydrogen bond, noncovalent: ionic bond

Question 37

Geometry of covalent bonds

Answer 37

Bent

Question 38

Double bonds prevent

Answer 38

intramolecular rotation

Question 39

Two macromolecules with complimentary surfaces can bind tightly together through ___________ interactions

Answer 39

noncovalent

Question 40

small organic building block of the cell: sugar

Answer 40

large organic molecules of the cell: polysaccharides, glycogen, and starch (in plants)

Question 41

small organic building block of the cell: fatty acids

Answer 41

large organic molecules of the cell: fats and membrane lipids

Question 42

small organic building block of the cell: amino acids

Answer 42

large organic molecules of the cell: proteins

Question 43

small organic building block of the cell: nucleotides