Exam 1

Question 1

1 Pound = ____ Grams

Answer 1

454 grams

Question 2

1 Calorie = _____ Joules

Answer 2

4.184 Joules

Question 3

1 inch = _____ cm

Answer 3

2.54 centimeters

Question 4

1 liter = ____ quarts

Answer 4

1.0567 quarts

Question 5

Celsius to Fahrenheit

Answer 5

Degrees Celsius * (9/5) + 32 = Degrees Fahrenheit

Question 6

Fahrenheit to Celcius

Answer 6

(Degrees Fahrenheit - 32) * (5/9) = Degrees Celsius

Question 7

Celsius to Kelvin

Answer 7

Degrees Celsius +273.15 = Degrees Kelvin

Question 8

Extensive Propety

Answer 8

depends on the amount of the substance present

Question 9

Intensive Property

Answer 9

does not depend on the amount of substance present (temperature, boiling point, etc)

Question 10

Hypothesis

Answer 10

an attempt to explain the observation for a law

Question 11

Scientific Law

Answer 11

summarize experimental observations; not an explanation

Question 12

Scientific Theory

Answer 12

well-sustained testable explanation with significant support

Question 13

Homogenous Mixture

Answer 13

composition is uniform throughout the whole solution

Question 14

Heterogenous Mixture

Answer 14

composition is not uniform throughout the solution

Question 15

Atomic Number

Answer 15

Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom; determines chemical properties and position in the periodic table; defines the element

Question 16

Mass Number

Answer 16

the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom

Question 17

Isotope

Answer 17

An atom of the same element with the same number of protons, but different number of neutrons

Question 18

Empirical Formula

Answer 18

simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound

Question 19

Molecular Formula

Answer 19

shows exact number of different types of atoms; what is actually covalently bonded

Question 20

Periodic Table Group (Column) 1

Answer 20

Alkali Metals: H, LI, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
+1 Charge

Question 21

Periodic Table Group (Column) 2

Answer 21

Alkali Earth Metals
Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
+2 charge

Question 22

Avogadro’s Number

Answer 22

6.02*10^23
used with atoms and molecules

Question 23

Mole

Answer 23

6.02*10^23 of anything
the number of Carbon 12 atoms in exactly 12 grams of Carbon 12

Question 24

Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment

Answer 24

most space in an atom is empty except for a concentrated area called the nucleus

Question 25

THOMPSON’s Cathode Ray Tube Experiment

Answer 25

-rays attracted to positive charge, repelled by a negative charge
-rays are negative
-allowed determination of charge:mass ratio
-1.759*10^11 Coulombs/kg
-lead to the discovery of the electron
-regardless of metal…same charge:mass ration common to all elements

Question 26

MILLIKAN Oil Drop Experiment

Answer 26

-determined the size and charge an electron
-suggest charge on electron is 1.6*10^-19 Coulombs

Question 27

Ionic Compound (and Naming Convention)

Answer 27

metal cation + nonmetal anion with -ide suffix
no numerical prefixes

Question 28

Covalent Compounds (and Naming Convention)

Answer 28

nonmetal + nonmetal
no hydrogen: cation with numerical prefix + anion with numerical prefix

Question 29

Dalton’s Atomic Theory: Postulate 1

Answer 29

Matter is composed of very small particles called atoms. Atoms are the smallest unit of an element that participates in chemical changes.

Question 30

Dalton’s Atomic Theory: Postulate 2

Answer 30

Elements consist of one type of atom that has a mass that is specific for that element and the same for all atoms of that element.
(Not strictly true; Now we know about isotopes)

Question 31

Dalton’s Atomic Theory: Postulate 3

Answer 31

Atoms of one element differ in properties from all other elements.

Question 32

Dalton’s Atomic Theory: Postulate 4

Answer 32

A compound consists of atoms of two or elements combined in small, whole number ratios.

Question 33

Dalton’s Atomic Theory: Postulate 5

Answer 33

Atoms are neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions but are rearranged to form different substances.

Question 34

Fixed Charge Transition Metals

Answer 34

Ag (Silver) (Group 11)
+1 charge

Zn (Zinc) and Cd (Cadmium) (Group 12)
+2 charge

Al (Aluminum) (Group 13)
+3 charge