Exam 1 Flashcards
What is the ADA
American Dental Association
- has provided detailed infection control recommendations
- guides every dental program
What is OSHA
-Occupational Safety & Health Administration
- makes laws to protect the workers of America from physical, chemical, and infectious hazards
- they also will hold inspections if a complaint has been filed
Ex: OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen Standard
What is OSAP
-Organization for Safety, Asepsis & Prevention
-Premier Infection Control education organization in Dentistry
-they drive what we learn
What is the FDA
-Food & Drug Administration
-Regulates medical equipment (gloves, masks, disinfectant, sterilizers etc.)
What is the CDC
-Center for Disease Control & Prevention
-responsible for tracking diseases
-makes general infection control regulations
What is the EPA
-Environmental Protection Agency
-ensures the proper handling of medical waste
What are the 3 major components of an Exposure Control Plan
- Exposure Determination (employees class determination)
- Schedule of Implementation (how standards will be implemented)
- Evaluation (investigation of exposure incident)
employer must have this written out
What is OSHA’s Bloodborne Pathogen Standard
- the most important infection control law in Dentistry for the protection of workers
-includes universal precautions, vaccinations, PPE, Engineering and Work Practice Controls
What are standard precautions?
-precautions we take to protect ourselves as HC workers, we take these precautions in assumption that everyone we treat is diseased
- includes Universal Precautions (PPE) and additional precautions like sterilization
What is an asymptomatic carrier?
-someone who harbors disease but does not display any symptoms or signs of illness; these carriers are still highly infectious
-this is why we take precautions the way we do
what is virulence
the severity/harmfulness of a disease; the pathogenic properties of the invading microorganism
What are the 4 stages of Disease?
Incubation- period from when it first enters the body to when the first symptom is shown
Prodromal- Early symptom stage
Acute- officially ill
Convalescent- recovery, symptoms begin to improve
What are the 4 modes of disease transmission
Direct
indirect
droplet
aerosols
what is direct transmission
- direct contact of blood/saliva in patients mouth to the operator
Ex: Gloves breaking while in patients mouth and operators finger contacts blood or saliva
what is indirect transmission
comes from items that have been contaminated (fomites)
ex: touching an instrument with bare hands that has been contaminated
what are droplets
somewhat large particles that are transmitted by close contact
ex: coughing on someone, sneezing on someone
what are aerosols?
tiny particles that remain airborne, they can spread up to 5 ft can pass through most masks (except n95)
What are the routes of entry of an infectious disease
-inhalation
-ingestion
-mucous membranes
-broken skin
what are the 6 events required for the spread of an infection
- pathogenic agent
2.resevoir (blood, spit etc) - portal of exit (secretions, droplets etc.)
- mode of spread (direct, indirect)
- Portal of Entry (inhalation)
- Susceptible Host
What are the 3 basic factors in the development of an infectious disease
- virulence (strength)
- Dose (amount, number)
- resistance (immunity, host defense)
What are the 4 factors that alter host defenses
- abnormal physical conditions (stress, lack of sleep)
- Systemic Diseases
- Drug Therapies (chemo)
- Prosthetic implants/transplants
What are the 6 different pathways for cross-contamination
patient to dental team (numerous opportunities)
dental team to patient (rare)
patient to patient(improperly cleaned instruments)
dental office to community (wearing contaminated scrubs in public)
community to patient (contaminated water in Dental unit)
dental team to family (wearing contaminated scrubs home )
what is an endogenous infection
an infection caused by organisms that are found in the body but are typically not harmful; they are “acting up” in this case or have been triggered
what is a nosocomial infection
a healthcare-acquired infection; received during the process of receiving healthcare
