Exam 1 Flashcards by Kaitlyn Nelson

Q

which level of prevention is the main goal of public health?

A

primary

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Q

which level of prevention is this?

Health-promoting activities → reduce likelihood of disease occurring

A

primary

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Q

which level of prevention is this?

public health nurse developing an education program for teenage children to teach them about STI and methods to prevent STIs

A

primary

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Q

which level of prevention is this?

immunizations

A

primary

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Q

which level of prevention is this?

Early diagnosis + treatment of illness; detecting a problem

A

secondary

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Q

which level of prevention is this?

PH nurse develops program for toxin screenings for migrant farm workers who may be exposed to pesticides and refers patients with positive toxin levels for treatment

A

secondary

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Q

which level of prevention is this?

vision screenings

A

secondary

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Q

which level of prevention is this?

Follow-up treatment and care to prevent further disease progression

A

tertiary

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Q

which level of prevention is this?

Public health nurse provides diabetic clinic for defined population of adults in a low-income housing unit in the community (to make sure they don’t develop complications, such as wounds)

A

tertiary

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Q

community-based or community-oriented nursing:

client = community

A

community oriented

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Q

community-based or community-oriented nursing:

community assessment

A

community oriented

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Q

community-based or community-oriented nursing:

Prevent disease + protect health

A

community oriented

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Q

community-based or community-oriented nursing:

client = individual, family or group in the community

A

community based

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Q

community-based or community-oriented nursing:

illness care

A

community based

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Q

community-based or community-oriented nursing:

managing acute + chronic conditions

A

community based

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Q

community-based or community-oriented nursing:

focus: family centered-illness care

A

community based

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Q

community-based or community-oriented nursing:

focus: community healthcare/population health

A

community oriented

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Q

community-based or community-oriented nursing:

duty: investigation of environmental issues impacting health of community (community assessment); program planning

A

community oriented

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Q

community-based or community-oriented nursing:

duty: client education

A

community based

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Q

community-based or community-oriented nursing:

goal: prevent disease

A

community oriented

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Q

community-based or community-oriented nursing:

goal: manage acute + chronic conditions

A

community based

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Q

community-based or community-oriented nursing:

role: community advocate

A

community oriented

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Q

community-based or community-oriented nursing:

role: caregiver

A

community based

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Q

public health nurse is considered a specialty b/c why?

A

special focus on community + unique body of knowledge

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lifespan has been increased by how many years due to PH?

20-30 years

name some PH changes that have occurred to increased the life expectancy?

``` vaccines clean water + air ABX sanitation population prevention programs education and knowledge motor vehicle safety workplace safety family planning recognizing tobacco use as health hazard ```

how can a PH nurse advocate?

speak to legislature to get laws passed for PH measures (educate on + enforce new laws)

what is non-maleficence? + what are some examples of this r/t community health nursing? (3)

no harm ex: 1. staying up to date with knowledge + information 2. maintaining confidentiality 3. evaluating sex education in schools so that the teen pregnancy rate doesn’t increase

who was the founder of PH nursing?

Lilian Wald

who founded the Henry St Settlement (healthcare even if low income + uninsured)?

Lilian Wald

who advocated for the American Red Cross to include rural healthcare services?

Lilian Wald

who created the Frontier nursing service (including midwifery)?

Mary Breckenridge

who believed everyone should have access to healthcare; then traveling to rural areas → to bring healthcare to people

Mary Breckenridge

who was all about cleanliness + infection prevention? along with environmental factors (sanitation, clean sheets, etc)?

Nightingale

who is associated with EBP (biostats + research)?

Nightingale

what are the 6 obligations of public health?

1. prevent injuries 2. prevent epidemics + spread of disease 3. protect from environmental hazards 4. promote healthy behaviors 5. respond to disasters + help with recovery 6. assure accessibility + quality of healthcare

what are the 3 levels of practice?

1. individual/family 2. community 3. system

what level of practice is this? teaching a mother and child how to wash hands properly

individual/family

what level of practice is this? community meeting about wearing seatbelts

community

what level of practice is this? health fair

community

what level of practice is this? sign hanging in building reminding to wash hands

community

what level of practice is this? laws requiring restaurant workers to wash hands

system

which level of practice has the most powerful impact + long-lasting option?

system

what is the purpose of healthy people?

serves as a guide to improve health of the public

what is main difference between HP 2020 and HP 2030?

HP 2030 includes engaging leadership across the public to design POLICY

what are leading health indicators? (LHI)

subsets of Healthy People: high priority health issues + how to address them

what aspect of Healthy People guides PH nurses + their topics for public health fairs?

Leading Health Indicators (LHIs)

this is the core science of public health

epidemiology

what questions are asked with epidemiology? (5)

``` Is there a problem? What is it? How big is it? Is it getting worse or better? What can be done? ```

re: epidemiology, what does "distribution" mean?

the who, when, where

re: epidemiology, what does "determinants" mean?

how + why

What studies are utilized to understand health + disease of individual / family/ groups/ or populations? (2)

1. observational studies | 2. experimental/interventional

what are the components of the epidemiology triangle?

agent, host, environment

re: the "church potluck case study", what are the components of the epidemiology triangle?

agent: bacteria/toxins in the turkey, gravy + stuffing host: people at the picnic that ate the shitty food environment: outdoor setting, kitchen + utensils used to prepare the food

term: disease rates

morbidity

term: death rates

mortality

term: suffering from specific condition @ any one time

prevalence

term: new cases in the population @ risk of specific period of time

incidence

term: frequency of something occuring

rate

term: probability an event will occur

risk

what is the Web of Causality?

relationship between cause + effect

what is this describing? looking more in-depth; complex interrelationships of multiple factors that interact to increase or decrease risk of disease (ex: CV disease + factors that play a part in this such as lifestyle, obesity, genetics)

web of causality

term: expected trend; staying consistent; the persistent presence of disease or infectious agent

endemic

term: more than expected; rate exceeding normal or expected

epidemic

term: spread over several counties or continents

pandemic

for something to be considered a pandemic, it must have 3 components:

1. easily spread from human to human 2. highly virulent 3. lack of human immunity

which of the epidemiology investigative methods comes first? then what?

descriptive → analytic

re: epidemiology investigative methods, descriptive means what?

who, where, when (person, place, time)?

re: epidemiology investigative methods, analytic means what?

how + why?

re: epidemiology investigative methods, this is describing distribution of disease, death, and health outcomes

descriptive

re: epidemiology investigative methods, this is more specific → seeks to answer specific questions

analytic