Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Histo 2 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Basic Steps of Microtome Sectioning

A 
Embed tissue in parafin 
Face in block at 20 um
Chill/soften block on ice
Cut ribbons at 5 microns
Place on warm water bath 
Pick up on labeled slide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Types of Infectious Waste

A

Microbiological or culture material
Pathological Material
Blood
Sharp Objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Types of Mechanical Hazards

A 
Blades
Needles
Scalpels
Razors
Glassware
Electrical Equipment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Types of Health Hazards

A

Infectious Disease
Carcinogens
Cryogenic Sprays
Toxins (Reproductive)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Types of Chemical Hazards

A 
Corrosives
Irritants
Sensitizers
Toxins
Carcinogens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Types of Fire Hazards

A

Alcohol

Hydrocarbons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Microtome vs. Cryostat: Temperature

A

Microtome: Room Temp
Cryostat: -20 degrees C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Microtome vs. Cryostat: Embedding Agent

A

Microtome: Parrafin
Cryostat: OCT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Microtome vs. Cryostat: Antiroll Plate (Y/N)

A

Microtome: No
Cryostat: Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Microtome vs. Cryostat: Water Bath

A

Microtome: Yes
Cryostat: No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Basic Steps of H&E

A 
Deparaffinization
Hydration
Nuclear Staining (Hematoxylin) 
Differentiation
Bluing
Counterstaining (Eosin)
Dehydration
Clearing 
(water rinsing steps in between)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the purpose of xylene in an H&E stain?

A

removes paraffin wax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do you rehydrate the tissue for staining?

A

graded alcohols to water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What causes nuclear staining?

A

Hematoxylin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What causes differentiation in an H&E stain?

A

acid alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What causes bluing in an H&E stain?

A

Ammonia Water (Alkaline water)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is used for counterstaining in an H&E stain?

A

Eosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What causes dehydration in an H&E stain?

A

Application of graded alcohol to 100% alcohol ( 95%, 95%, 100%, 100%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How do you clear at the end of H&E staining?

A

Xylene

Transition from alcohol to non-aqueous reagents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Define: Regressive Staining

A

Tissue is overstained and then partially decolorized (differentiated) until the proper endpoint is reached
Faster and More convenient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which staining type gives you a sharper degree of differentiation?

A

Regressive Staining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How is differentiation controlled in regressive staining?

A

By microscopic examination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Define: Progressive Staining

A

Tissue is stained for a predetermined time for adequate staining of the nuclei and leaves the background tissue relatively unstained

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How does progressive staining work?

A

Once the dye is taken up by the tissues, it is not removed

The tissue is left in the dye solution until it retains the desires amount of coloration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
How does differentiation work in progressive staining?
It relies on the selective affinity of dyes for different tissue elements
26
What are the components of Hematoxylin?
``` Dye Oxidizer Mordant Acidifier Stabilizer ```
27
What does the dye in an H&E do?
it stains the different parts of the cells
28
What does the oxidizer in an H&E do?
It converts hematoxylin to hematein
29
What does the mordant in an H&E do?
Enhances binding of tissue to the slide
30
What does the acidifer in an H&E do?
Changes pH | Helps with differentiation
31
What does the stabilizer in an H&E do?
Decreases the rate of oxidizing
32
What is the purpose of eosin?
It stains cytoplasmic (positive)
33
What is the purpose of Hematoxylin?
It stains nuclear (negative) | Like DNA
34
How do you remove eosin?
With alcohol
35
What causes cell shrinkage?
overdehydrated tissue
36
How do you recognize cell shrinkage?
Edges of the "holes" are not as jagged as torn tissue
37
What causes faded/muddy nuclei?
Poor Fixation
38
How do you recognize faded/muddy nuclei?
There will be no clear nuclei visible in the center of the tissue
39
What causes moth-eaten holes?
dull knife or poorly processed tissue
40
How do you recognize moth-eaten holes?
Holes look torn and are throughout the majority of the tissue
41
How do tell the difference between cell shrinkage and moth-eaten?
Cell shrinkage: "holes" from overdehydrated tissue are uniform around the edges without torn appearance Moth eaten: Holes look torn and are throughout the majority of the tissue
42
How do you tell where a bubble is?
Bubbles under the tissue stain darker in the "bubble" region and can tear the tissue when they dry and pop - NOT FIXABLE Mounting Bubbles do not damage the tissue, bubble appears unfocused - FIXABLE
43
What causes wrinkles?
not properly stretching tissue on the water bath
44
What causes folds?
picking-up tissue incorrectly from water bath onto slide or tissue not adhering properly to the slide and folding during staining
45
What causes knife lines?
nicked/damaged blade
46
How do you recognize Knife Lines?
The tissue looks torn in one distinct area and continues the length of the tissue
47
What causes Venetian blinding chatter or washboarding?
loose or worn microtome parts (usually the blade is not locked)
48
How do you recognize venetian blinding chatter/washboarding?
the light/dark/light/dark sections across the width of the tissue
49
What causes parched earth in a tissue?
incomplete fixation | fixative moves from the outside of the tissue in - not enough time to penetrate the tissue or tissue is too dense
50
How do you recognize parched earth?
the tissue is only damaged in the center
51
What causes microchatter?
overdehydration (not fixable) or cutting too rapidly (fixable)
52
How do you recognize microchatter?
tissue chatter is throughout the entire tissue
53
What causes tearing?
overstretching on a water bath | knife lines
54
What causes separation?
overstretching of tissue on water bath | incomplete fixation
55
What causes Thick and Thin Sectioning?
Loose block or knife | Improperly embedded tissue
56
You realized that the water solution you used to rinse your H&E slides was too alkaline. What would you expect to see with respect to your H&E staining when you look at your slides under the microscope?
Residual alkalinity can remove or damage tissue
57
When observing your H&E stained slides under the microscope you notice blue-black “spots” throughout the entire slide. What is the most likely cause of this artifact?
The blue-black spots are caused by using hematoxylin that is expired or improperly stored.
58
Microscopic analysis of H&E stained tissue shows brown nuclei. What is the most likely cause of this staining observation?
Brown nuclei could indicate that the hematoxylin used is breaking down or the sections aren’t sufficiently blued.
59
You perform routine H&E staining on a set of slides. Upon microscopic examination you notice a number of unstained portions throughout some of the tissues. What is the most likely cause of this staining observation?
The most likely cause of this observation is from not fully removing the paraffin before staining.
60
You are starting to feel comfortable working in the histology laboratory after starting your position three months ago. You decide to tweak the H&E staining protocol and start by increasing the time of the eosin stain from 5 minutes to 15 minutes. Your supervisor looks at your stained slides and gets upset telling you that there is a problem with the tissue slides you have generated. What is the most likely issue you will see when you look into the microscope?
Increasing the time the slides remain in the eosin can cause it to stain cytoplasmic structures too intensely making it hard to differentiate between things like red cells, collagen, and smooth muscle. There wont be three shades of eosin
61
Define: Cornflaking
Drying of slide before coverslipping
62
What causes reddish brown nuclei?
Bluing Issue
63
Eosin is __ charged and stains ___.
Eosin is negatively charged and stains positive
64
Hematoxylin is ___ charged and stains __
Hematoxylin is positively charged and stains negative (DNA and Nucleic Acids)
65
What is the differentiating agent do? What does it do?
Aci Alcohol | It removes excess hematoxylin

Histo 2 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions