Exam 1 Flashcards
Gas x
Generic: simethicone
Reduces pressure and bloating
Take after meals & at bedtime
Maalox
Generic: simethicone
Reduces pressure and bloating
Take after meals & at bedtime
Mylanta
Generic: simethicone
Reduces pressure and bloating
Take after meals & at bedtime
Pepto, kaopectate
Generic: bismuth subsalicylate
- Tx of diarrhea by increasing h2o absorption in large intestine
- coats & soothes stomach
- antimicrobial activity
- max per day 4200mg
- blackened stool
- watch for aspirin allergy
Imodium
Generic: loperamide
- take after 1st loose stool
- don’t take if you have a fever
- only for mild, acute (2-3days) diarrhea
- h2o reabsorbs in large intestine
Dramamine
Generic: Dimenhydrinate
- antiemisis for nausea/vomiting
- don’t take with fever, cancer, blood
- acts on CNS
Seaband
- for nausea/vomiting
* wrist pressure points
Epecac
- induces vomiting
- use only if poison control says to
- kept behind the counter
Miralax
Generic: Polyethylene glycol
- osmotic laxative
- 1-3 days
- powder + water or juice
- rx to otc
Colace
Generic: docusate sodium
- stool softener
- water into colon, softens stools
- ok long term
- don’t take with kidney disease
Benefiber, FiberCon, citricel
- bulk forming laxative for constipation
- gives poop more form
- puts more h2o into colon for easier passage
- takes 3-4 days
- can take daily
- take w/full glass of h2o to avoid throat blockage
Dulcolax
- Bisacotal laxative (synthetic)
- enterocoated
- no milk/antacids w/in 1 hr
- triggers contractions of intestinal muscles
Senna, ex-lax chocolate bar
- from senna plant
- irritates gut lining
- increases water
- up to 8 tabs a day
Emotrol
- Nausea/vomiting
- glucose, like coke
- not for diabetes
- reduces stomach contractions that lead to vomiting
Activated charcoal
Toxins adhere to it instead of the body
Insulin
1 unit drops blood sugar 50mg/dL
Rule of 15
Take 15g of glucose, check in 15 min.
Repeat.
When normal, have a small meal
If a diabetic is unconscious…
1mg glucogen SQ
Continuous glucose monitoring
Pros: *no finger pricks *alerts of highs and lows *transmits levels 24/7 *use up to 14 days Cons: *expensive
Vitamin
Organic compound (we can’t make it ourselves)
Mineral
Elemental (can come from foods)
3 times vitamins are helpful/useful
- Inadequate intake
- Increased needs
- Poor absorption
Fat soluble vitamins
ADEK:
- stored in fat tissues
- sticks around but can accumulate
- well absorbed
- too much=toxicity
Water soluble vitamins
B, C:
- excreted rapidly
- distributed to watery tissues
- may need more, more frequently
- lower risk of toxicity
- B9/12 are stored in liver so may become toxic
Vitamin A (ex: retinol)
Functions: *vision *growth/development Deficiencies: *night blindness *dry, rough skin *poor tooth development *Poor resistance to infection *associated with measles/blindness
Vitamin D
*helps maintain normal levels of Ca & phosphorus
*absorbs calcium (bones, teeth)
*cell growth
*immune function
Deficiencies:
*osteoporosis
*rickets
*poor immune function
*low mood
Ex vitamin d2: ergocalciferol
Vitamin E (ex: tocopherol)
Functions: *antioxidant *support major bio systems *no real med benefit in supplements Deficiencies: *neuromuscular abnormality *peripheral neuropathy *hemolytic anemia
Vitamin k (ex: phytonadione)
Fat soluble
Not used for normal supplement
May see it used to reverse effects of warfarin (if blood is too thin)
B2 riboflavin
- teens and vegans may be deficient
- Symptoms of deficiency: inflammation of tongue, cracked skin, cataracts
- Source: nuts and fish
B3 niacin
Helps with: digestion, lipid metabolism, dna repair
Symptoms of deficiency: skin issues, diarrhea, dementia, death
B6 pyridoxine
- amino acid metabolism
- builds neurotransmitters
- marketed for PMS, nausea, pregnancy
B9 folate
- supplement for pregnant; prevents baby clef palate
- important for colon & breast cancer
- used for people who drink too much, poor nutrition
B12 cobalimin
- metabolism of fatty acid
- anemia type impacted by deficient b12
- aids in dna synthesis
Vitamin c
- wound healing
- scurvy: lack of citrus causes weak bones, bad teeth/skin
- boosts immune system
- deficiencies=alopecia
Iron
*makes hemoglobin to transport o2
*used for iron deficiency anemia
*side effects:
Constipation, GI upset, cramps, dark stools, n/v, metallic taste, heartburn
Magnesium
*regulates muscle&nerve function
*blood pressure
*Dna\rna synthesis
*heart rhythm
Side effects:
*nausea
*cramping
*diarrhea
*electrolyte imbalance
Calcium
Neutralize stomach acid
Bone growth and integrity
Durham Humphrey act 1951
Separated otc from legend; legend needs warning
Kefauver-Harris amendment 1962
Requires manufacturers to submit drug info re: safety and efficacy for both legend and otc
Small intestine vs large intestine
Small=absorbs nutrients
Large=absorbs water
Antacids
Neutralizes gastric acid Take 1 hr after meal Don’t take more than 2 wks Could bind with other meds Don’t use if renal problems
Beano
Alpha galactosidase
- reduces gas
- take before meals
Tagament
Generic: cimetidine
H2 receptor blocker
- block acid formation via histamine receptor
- most common drug
- slower than antacids; effects last longer
- dose every 12 hours; no more than 2 weeks
- many Ddi
Zantac
Generic: ranitidine
H2 receptor blocker
- block acid formation via histamine receptor
- most common drug
- slower than antacids; effects last longer
- dose every 12 hours; no more than 2 weeks
Pepcid
Generic: famotidine
H2 receptor blocker
- block acid formation via histamine receptor
- most common drug
- slower than antacids; effects last longer
- dose every 12 hours; no more than 2 weeks
Axid
Generic: nizatidine
H2 receptor blocker
- block acid formation via histamine receptor
- most common drug
- slower than antacids; effects last longer
- dose every 12 hours; no more than 2 weeks
Nexium
Generic: esomeprazole
Proton pump inhibitor
- most effective acid reducer
- binds to proton pumps
- for freq. heartburn (2-3 x/wk)
- not more than 2 weeks
- rx to otc 2012
Zegerid
Generic: omeprazole
Proton pump inhibitor + antacid (neutralizer)
Prilosec
Generic: omeprazole
Proton pump inhibitor
- most effective acid reducer
- binds to proton pumps
- for freq. heartburn (2-3 x/wk)
- not more than 2 weeks
- rx to otc 2012
Prevacid
Generic: lansoprazole
Proton pump inhibitor
- most effective acid reducer
- binds to proton pumps
- for freq. heartburn (2-3 x/wk)
- not more than 2 weeks
- rx to otc 2012
